Michael Worth Calfee1, Shawn P Ryan1, Ahmed Abdel-Hady2, Mariela Monge3, Denise Aslett2, Abderrahmane Touati2, Michael Stewart1, Susan Lawrence4, Kristen Willis5. 1. U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. 2. Jacobs Technology, Inc., Tullahoma, Tennessee, USA. 3. CSS, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia, USA. 4. U.S. EPA, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Ft. Meade, Maryland, USA. 5. U.S. EPA, Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Abstract
AIMS: Antimicrobial coatings, for use in combination with routine cleaning and disinfection, were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing virus concentration on stainless steel surfaces. METHODS: Twenty antimicrobial coating products, predominantly composed of organosilane quaternary ammonium compounds, were applied to stainless steel coupons, dried overnight and evaluated for efficacy against Φ6, an enveloped bacteriophage. Additionally, two peel and stick polymer-based films, a copper-based film and three copper alloys were evaluated. Efficacy was determined by comparison of recoveries from uncoated (positive control) and coated (test) surfaces. RESULTS: The results indicated that some of the coating products initially demonstrated >3-log reduction of Φ6; no direct correlation of efficacy was observed with an active ingredient or its concentration. The peel and stick films and copper alloys each demonstrated efficacy in initial testing. However, none of the spray-based products retained efficacy after subjecting the coating to abrasion with either a hypochlorite or quaternary ammonium-based solution applied in accordance with EPA Interim Guidance for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Surface Coatings. Of the products tested for this durability, only one peel and stick polymeric film retained efficacy; the copper alloys were not tested for their durability in this study. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that while some organosilane quaternary ammonium compound-based products demonstrate antiviral efficacy, more research and development is needed to understand effective formulations with sufficient durability to perform as supplements to routine cleaning and disinfection.
AIMS: Antimicrobial coatings, for use in combination with routine cleaning and disinfection, were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing virus concentration on stainless steel surfaces. METHODS: Twenty antimicrobial coating products, predominantly composed of organosilane quaternary ammonium compounds, were applied to stainless steel coupons, dried overnight and evaluated for efficacy against Φ6, an enveloped bacteriophage. Additionally, two peel and stick polymer-based films, a copper-based film and three copper alloys were evaluated. Efficacy was determined by comparison of recoveries from uncoated (positive control) and coated (test) surfaces. RESULTS: The results indicated that some of the coating products initially demonstrated >3-log reduction of Φ6; no direct correlation of efficacy was observed with an active ingredient or its concentration. The peel and stick films and copper alloys each demonstrated efficacy in initial testing. However, none of the spray-based products retained efficacy after subjecting the coating to abrasion with either a hypochlorite or quaternary ammonium-based solution applied in accordance with EPA Interim Guidance for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Surface Coatings. Of the products tested for this durability, only one peel and stick polymeric film retained efficacy; the copper alloys were not tested for their durability in this study. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that while some organosilane quaternary ammonium compound-based products demonstrate antiviral efficacy, more research and development is needed to understand effective formulations with sufficient durability to perform as supplements to routine cleaning and disinfection.
Authors: John M Boyce; Nancy L Havill; Kerri A Guercia; Steven J Schweon; Brent A Moore Journal: Am J Infect Control Date: 2014-01-07 Impact factor: 2.918
Authors: Jason Murray; Tendai Muruko; Chris I R Gill; M Patricia Kearney; David Farren; Michael G Scott; Geoff McMullan; Nigel G Ternan Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-08-07 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: G Kampf; Y Brüggemann; H E J Kaba; J Steinmann; S Pfaender; S Scheithauer; E Steinmann Journal: J Hosp Infect Date: 2020-09-18 Impact factor: 3.926
Authors: Rachael L Hardison; Shawn P Ryan; Rebecca A Limmer; Margaret Crouse; Sarah W Nelson; Daniela Barriga; Jessica M Ghere; Michael J Stewart; Sang Don Lee; Brian M Taylor; Ryan R James; Michael W Calfee; Megan W Howard Journal: J Appl Microbiol Date: 2022-01-25 Impact factor: 4.059