E Davidovich1, A Hevroni2, L Tzur Gadassi3, A Spierer-Weil4, O Yitschaky3, D Polak5. 1. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel. esti@dr-st.co.il. 2. Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel. 3. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel. 4. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel. 5. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Mouth breathing is a key feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The current study evaluated dental, salivary and orthodontic characteristics of children with OSA, and compared them to those of children without OSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two children (mean age 5.3 years, 13 males) with OSA and 21 children without OSA who served as a control group (mean age 6.8 years, 11 males) underwent dental examinations. The OSA group was classified according to the apnea-hypopnea Index. Clinical examination included plaque index, gingival index, caries status, pH at 7 oral sites, salivary carries bacterial counts and inflammatory cytokine levels. Orthodontics measurements were calculated as the percentage of children with values in the normal range, in each group. RESULTS: The mean values of the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT)/dmft index, the gingival index and the plaque index were higher in the OSA than the control group. Salivary Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts were significantly higher in the OSA than the control group; as were pH values in the hard and soft palate, and in the posterior and middle tongue. Significantly lower values were observed in the OSA than the control group for most of the orthodontic variables examined. Similarly, stratification of AHI according to severity shows the lowest values among those with mild OSA, and the highest among those with severe AHI. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to a control group, mouth breathing children with obstructive sleep apnea had differences in oral microbiota, greater acidity and poorer dental status. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians should be aware of the various oral disturbances that may accompany OSA, and implement preventive measures.
OBJECTIVES: Mouth breathing is a key feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The current study evaluated dental, salivary and orthodontic characteristics of children with OSA, and compared them to those of children without OSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two children (mean age 5.3 years, 13 males) with OSA and 21 children without OSA who served as a control group (mean age 6.8 years, 11 males) underwent dental examinations. The OSA group was classified according to the apnea-hypopnea Index. Clinical examination included plaque index, gingival index, caries status, pH at 7 oral sites, salivary carries bacterial counts and inflammatory cytokine levels. Orthodontics measurements were calculated as the percentage of children with values in the normal range, in each group. RESULTS: The mean values of the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT)/dmft index, the gingival index and the plaque index were higher in the OSA than the control group. Salivary Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts were significantly higher in the OSA than the control group; as were pH values in the hard and soft palate, and in the posterior and middle tongue. Significantly lower values were observed in the OSA than the control group for most of the orthodontic variables examined. Similarly, stratification of AHI according to severity shows the lowest values among those with mild OSA, and the highest among those with severe AHI. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to a control group, mouth breathing children with obstructive sleep apnea had differences in oral microbiota, greater acidity and poorer dental status. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians should be aware of the various oral disturbances that may accompany OSA, and implement preventive measures.
Authors: Merrill S Wise; Cynthia D Nichols; Madeleine M Grigg-Damberger; Carole L Marcus; Manisha B Witmans; Valerie G Kirk; Lynn A D'Andrea; Timothy F Hoban Journal: Sleep Date: 2011-03-01 Impact factor: 5.849
Authors: David F Smith; Nicholas M Dalesio; James R Benke; John A Petrone; Veronica Vigilar; Aliza P Cohen; Stacey L Ishman Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2016-09-15 Impact factor: 4.062