Self-Assembly Dual-Responsive NO Donor Nanoparticles for Effective Cancer Therapy.

Drug resistance and the serious side effects caused by classical chemotherapy drugs necessitate the development of novel targeted drug delivery systems. The high lipophilicity and short half-life of nitric oxide (NO), a gas with strong antitumor activity, make it difficult to reach the tumor site and result in a poor therapeutic effect in vivo. In order to overcome the deficiencies of the existing NO donors and NO delivery vehicles, a novel strategy was proposed to deliver NO for cancer chemotherapy by the prodrug dimer self-assembly nanoparticles of NO donors. Specifically, phenylsulfonylfuroxan (FZ) was chosen as the NO donor to synthesize the prodrug dimer precursor (FZ-SS-FZ) by disulfide linkages and ester bonds. The insertion of disulfide linkages promotes the self-assembly of FZ-SS-FZ in water. After this, the dual-responsive and tumor-targeting NO delivery system (FZ-SS-FZ@FA NPs) will finally be fabricated by further introducing folic acid on the surface of nanoparticles. FZ-SS-FZ can self-assemble to form uniform nanoparticles in water, which can effectively deliver NO to the tumor site and be uptaken by tumor cells, thus resulting in specific NO release in tumor cells and inducing tumor cell apoptosis. FZ-SS-FZ@FA NPs significantly improve the drug loading and delivery efficiencies of NO for chemotherapy, while enhancing its efficacy, providing a novel strategy for the tumor-targeted delivery of NO and at the same time laying a theoretical basis for the clinical translation of NO-based gas chemotherapy, opening up a new approach for cancer chemotherapy.