Tarek Ahmed Soliman1, Sayed Ghorab2,3, Hossam Baeshen4. 1. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Mansoura University, PO. Box. 35516, Mansoura, Egypt. tarekdent2002@mans.edu.eg. 2. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dental Biomaterials, Mansoura University, PO. Box. 35516, Mansoura, Egypt. 3. Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alsalam University, Tanta, Egypt. 4. Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of surface treatments and flash-free adhesive on the shear bond strength of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to materials used for the fabrication of CAD/CAM provisional crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens (n = 160) from each provisional material (CAD-Temp and C-Temp) were categorized into four groups according to the surface treatment methods: C (no surface treatment), HP (37% H3PO4), DB (mechanical roughening by diamond bur), and SB (mechanical roughening by blasting). Maxillary central incisor ceramic brackets (Clarity™ Advanced ceramic brackets, 3 M Unitek) were bonded to the conditioned provisional materials according to the used adhesive system (n = 20), APC PLUS or APC flash-free. All specimens were evaluated for shear bond strength testing (SBS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: C-Temp significantly recorded higher SBS than CAD-Temp (24.0 and 16.0 MPa, respectively) (p < 0.001). DB and SB groups utilizing flash-free adhesive significantly recorded higher SBS (18.2 and 24.0 MPa, respectively) (P < 0.05) compared to other groups in the tested materials. Higher ARI scores were recorded in CAD-Temp and flash-free adhesive. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical surface treatments and flash-free adhesive would enhance SBS of ceramic orthodontic brackets to CAD/CAM provisional materials. The higher ARI scores reported with CAD-Temp and flash-free adhesive reduce chair time for excess removal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bonding of orthodontic brackets to provisional restorations is a challenge for orthodontists in adult comprehensive cases that could be improved by an appropriate provisional material, surface treatments, and adhesive system.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of surface treatments and flash-free adhesive on the shear bond strength of ceramic orthodontic brackets bonded to materials used for the fabrication of CAD/CAM provisional crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens (n = 160) from each provisional material (CAD-Temp and C-Temp) were categorized into four groups according to the surface treatment methods: C (no surface treatment), HP (37% H3PO4), DB (mechanical roughening by diamond bur), and SB (mechanical roughening by blasting). Maxillary central incisor ceramic brackets (Clarity™ Advanced ceramic brackets, 3 M Unitek) were bonded to the conditioned provisional materials according to the used adhesive system (n = 20), APC PLUS or APC flash-free. All specimens were evaluated for shear bond strength testing (SBS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: C-Temp significantly recorded higher SBS than CAD-Temp (24.0 and 16.0 MPa, respectively) (p < 0.001). DB and SB groups utilizing flash-free adhesive significantly recorded higher SBS (18.2 and 24.0 MPa, respectively) (P < 0.05) compared to other groups in the tested materials. Higher ARI scores were recorded in CAD-Temp and flash-free adhesive. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical surface treatments and flash-free adhesive would enhance SBS of ceramic orthodontic brackets to CAD/CAM provisional materials. The higher ARI scores reported with CAD-Temp and flash-free adhesive reduce chair time for excess removal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bonding of orthodontic brackets to provisional restorations is a challenge for orthodontists in adult comprehensive cases that could be improved by an appropriate provisional material, surface treatments, and adhesive system.
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