Wubin Bai1, Hexia Guo2,3, Wei Ouyang2, Yang Weng2, Changsheng Wu2, Yihan Liu1, Hao Zang2, Lauren Jacobson4, Yameng Xu5, Di Lu2, Ziying Hu2, Shuo Li2, Hany M Arafa2, Quansan Yang2,6, Amanda M Westman4, Matthew R MacEwan7, John A Rogers2,3,6,8,9, Mitchell A Pet4. 1. Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. 2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. 3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. 4. Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. 5. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. 6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. 7. Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. 8. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. 9. Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Current near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based systems for continuous flap monitoring are limited to flaps which carry a cutaneous paddle. As such, this useful and reliable technology has not previously been applicable to muscle-only free flaps where other modalities with substantial limitations continue to be utilized. METHODS: We present the first NIRS probe which allows continuous monitoring of local tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) directly within the substance of muscle tissue. This probe is flexible, subcentimeter in scale, waterproof, biocompatible, and is fitted with resorbable barbs which facilitate temporary autostabilization followed by easy atraumatic removal. This novel device was compared with a ViOptix T.Ox monitor in a porcine rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap model of arterial and venous occlusions. During these experiments, the T.Ox device was affixed to the skin paddle, while the novel probe was within the muscle component of the same flap. RESULTS: The intramuscular NIRS device and skin-mounted ViOptix T.Ox devices produced very similar StO2 tracings throughout the vascular clamping events, with obvious and parallel changes occurring upon vascular clamping and release. The normalized cross-correlation at zero lag describing correspondence between the novel intramuscular NIRS and T.Ox devices was >0.99. CONCLUSION: This novel intramuscular NIRS probe offers continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation within muscle flaps. This experiment demonstrates the potential suitability of this intramuscular NIRS probe for the task of muscle-only free flap monitoring, where NIRS has not previously been applicable. Testing in the clinical environment is necessary to assess durability and reliability. Thieme. All rights reserved.
BACKGROUND: Current near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based systems for continuous flap monitoring are limited to flaps which carry a cutaneous paddle. As such, this useful and reliable technology has not previously been applicable to muscle-only free flaps where other modalities with substantial limitations continue to be utilized. METHODS: We present the first NIRS probe which allows continuous monitoring of local tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) directly within the substance of muscle tissue. This probe is flexible, subcentimeter in scale, waterproof, biocompatible, and is fitted with resorbable barbs which facilitate temporary autostabilization followed by easy atraumatic removal. This novel device was compared with a ViOptix T.Ox monitor in a porcine rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap model of arterial and venous occlusions. During these experiments, the T.Ox device was affixed to the skin paddle, while the novel probe was within the muscle component of the same flap. RESULTS: The intramuscular NIRS device and skin-mounted ViOptix T.Ox devices produced very similar StO2 tracings throughout the vascular clamping events, with obvious and parallel changes occurring upon vascular clamping and release. The normalized cross-correlation at zero lag describing correspondence between the novel intramuscular NIRS and T.Ox devices was >0.99. CONCLUSION: This novel intramuscular NIRS probe offers continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation within muscle flaps. This experiment demonstrates the potential suitability of this intramuscular NIRS probe for the task of muscle-only free flap monitoring, where NIRS has not previously been applicable. Testing in the clinical environment is necessary to assess durability and reliability. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Authors: Wesley B Baker; Ashwin B Parthasarathy; David R Busch; Rickson C Mesquita; Joel H Greenberg; A G Yodh Journal: Biomed Opt Express Date: 2014-10-28 Impact factor: 3.732
Authors: Hexia Guo; Wubin Bai; Wei Ouyang; Yihan Liu; Changsheng Wu; Yameng Xu; Yang Weng; Hao Zang; Yiming Liu; Lauren Jacobson; Ziying Hu; Yihang Wang; Hany M Arafa; Quansan Yang; Di Lu; Shuo Li; Lin Zhang; Xun Xiao; Abraham Vázquez-Guardado; Joanna Ciatti; Elizabeth Dempsey; Nayereh Ghoreishi-Haack; Emily A Waters; Chad R Haney; Amanda M Westman; Matthew R MacEwan; Mitchell A Pet; John A Rogers Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2022-05-30 Impact factor: 17.694