Sunglan Chung1, Chian Kwon2, Jae-Hoon Lee3. 1. Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, South Korea. 2. Department of Molecular Biology, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, South Korea. 3. Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea. jhlee72@pusan.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although plants may be regularly exposed to various abiotic stresses, including drought, salt, cold, heat, heavy metals, and UV-B throughout their lives, it is not possible to actively escape from such stresses due to the immobile nature of plants. To overcome adverse environmental stresses, plants have developed adaptive systems that allow appropriate responses to diverse environmental cues; such responses can be achieved by fine-tuning or controlling genetic and epigenetic regulatory systems. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA or histone modifications and modulation of chromatin accessibility have been shown to regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes in struggles against abiotic stresses. OBJECTIVE: Herein, the current progress in elucidating the epigenetic regulation of abiotic stress signaling in plants has been summarized in order to further understand the systems plants utilize to effectively respond to abiotic stresses. METHODS: This review focuses on the action mechanisms of various components that epigenetically regulate plant abiotic stress responses, mainly in terms of DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and chromatin remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: This review can be considered a basis for further research into understanding the epigenetic control system for abiotic stress responses in plants. Moreover, the knowledge of such systems can be effectively applied in developing novel methods to generate abiotic stress resistant crops.
BACKGROUND: Although plants may be regularly exposed to various abiotic stresses, including drought, salt, cold, heat, heavy metals, and UV-B throughout their lives, it is not possible to actively escape from such stresses due to the immobile nature of plants. To overcome adverse environmental stresses, plants have developed adaptive systems that allow appropriate responses to diverse environmental cues; such responses can be achieved by fine-tuning or controlling genetic and epigenetic regulatory systems. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA or histone modifications and modulation of chromatin accessibility have been shown to regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes in struggles against abiotic stresses. OBJECTIVE: Herein, the current progress in elucidating the epigenetic regulation of abiotic stress signaling in plants has been summarized in order to further understand the systems plants utilize to effectively respond to abiotic stresses. METHODS: This review focuses on the action mechanisms of various components that epigenetically regulate plant abiotic stress responses, mainly in terms of DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and chromatin remodeling. CONCLUSIONS: This review can be considered a basis for further research into understanding the epigenetic control system for abiotic stress responses in plants. Moreover, the knowledge of such systems can be effectively applied in developing novel methods to generate abiotic stress resistant crops.
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