RNA aptamers for AMPA receptors.

RNA aptamers are single-stranded RNA molecules, and they are selected against a target of interest so that they can bind to and modulate the activity of the target, such as inhibiting the target activity, with high potency and selectivity. Antagonists, such as RNA aptamers, acting on AMPA receptors, a major subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors, are potential drug candidates for treatment of a number of CNS diseases that involve excessive receptor activation and/or elevated receptor expression. Here we review the approach to discover RNA aptamers targeting AMPA receptors from a random sequence library (∼1014 sequences) through a process called systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX). As compared with small-molecule compounds, RNA aptamers are a new class of regulatory agents with interesting and desirable pharmacological properties. Some AMPA receptor aptamers we have developed are presented in this review. The promises and challenges of translating RNA aptamers into potential drugs and treatment options are also discussed. This article is part of the special Issue on 'Glutamate Receptors - AMPA receptors'.