LaTasha B Craig1, Sushila Arya2, Heather R Burks2, Kaitlin Warta3, Christen Jarshaw2, Karl R Hansen2, Jennifer D Peck4. 1. Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Electronic address: latasha-craig@ouhsc.edu. 2. Section of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, North Carolina. 4. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between semen regurgitation and intrauterine insemination (IUI) outcomes. We hypothesized that clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates would be reduced when regurgitation occurred. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A university-based reproductive endocrinology and infertility clinic. PATIENT(S): Retrospective review of 1,957 IUI cycles performed on 660 patients between July 2007 and May 2012. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcome was live birth. Secondary outcomes were positive serum pregnancy result and clinical pregnancy. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a cluster-weighted generalized estimating equations method to estimate modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to account for multiple IUI cycles in the same patient. RESULT(S): Live birth rates were similar in IUI cycles with and without regurgitation (6.3% vs. 6.8%, respectively, RR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.53-1.26]). Clinical pregnancy rates in the presence or absence of regurgitation were 10.5% vs. 10.0% (RR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.73-1.35]). Positive serum pregnancy tests after IUI did not differ by regurgitation status (15.0% vs. 15.4%, RR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.75-1.24]). Results were unchanged when adjusted for covariates (age, race and ethnicity, body mass index, duration of infertility, medication, infertility diagnosis, total motile count, and method of sperm preparation). CONCLUSION(S): The presence of regurgitation during the IUI procedure is not related to pregnancy outcome.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between semen regurgitation and intrauterine insemination (IUI) outcomes. We hypothesized that clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates would be reduced when regurgitation occurred. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A university-based reproductive endocrinology and infertility clinic. PATIENT(S): Retrospective review of 1,957 IUI cycles performed on 660 patients between July 2007 and May 2012. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcome was live birth. Secondary outcomes were positive serum pregnancy result and clinical pregnancy. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a cluster-weighted generalized estimating equations method to estimate modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to account for multiple IUI cycles in the same patient. RESULT(S): Live birth rates were similar in IUI cycles with and without regurgitation (6.3% vs. 6.8%, respectively, RR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.53-1.26]). Clinical pregnancy rates in the presence or absence of regurgitation were 10.5% vs. 10.0% (RR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.73-1.35]). Positive serum pregnancy tests after IUI did not differ by regurgitation status (15.0% vs. 15.4%, RR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.75-1.24]). Results were unchanged when adjusted for covariates (age, race and ethnicity, body mass index, duration of infertility, medication, infertility diagnosis, total motile count, and method of sperm preparation). CONCLUSION(S): The presence of regurgitation during the IUI procedure is not related to pregnancy outcome.
Authors: Paul B Marshburn; Mark Alanis; Michelle L Matthews; Rebecca Usadi; Margaret H Papadakis; Susan Kullstam; Bradley S Hurst Journal: Fertil Steril Date: 2009-09-03 Impact factor: 7.329
Authors: Karl R Hansen; Amy Linnea W He; Aaron K Styer; Robert A Wild; Samantha Butts; Lawrence Engmann; Michael P Diamond; Richard S Legro; Christos Coutifaris; Ruben Alvero; Randal D Robinson; Peter Casson; Gregory M Christman; Hao Huang; Nanette Santoro; Esther Eisenberg; Heping Zhang Journal: Fertil Steril Date: 2016-03-03 Impact factor: 7.329
Authors: Karl R Hansen; Jennifer D Peck; R Matthew Coward; Robert A Wild; J C Trussell; Stephen A Krawetz; Michael P Diamond; Richard S Legro; Christos Coutifaris; Ruben Alvero; Randal D Robinson; Peter Casson; Gregory M Christman; Nanette Santoro; Heping Zhang Journal: Hum Reprod Date: 2020-06-01 Impact factor: 6.353