| Literature DB >> 34378674 |
Fernando Focaccia Povoa1, Braulio Luna Filho2, Henrique Tria Bianco1, Celso Amodeo2, Rui Povoa2, Maria Teresa Nogueira Bombig2, Roberto Dischinger Miranda1, Simone Matheus Fischer2, Maria Cristina Oliveira Izar2, Francisco A H Fonseca1.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important cardiovascular risk factor, regardless of arterial hypertension. Despite the evolution of imaging tests, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is still the most used in the initial evaluation, however, with low sensitivity.Entities:
Mesh:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34378674 PMCID: PMC8682087 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200600
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Arq Bras Cardiol ISSN: 0066-782X Impact factor: 2.000
Figura 1Fluxograma da coorte estudada. ECG: eletrocardiograma.
Características da população estudada conforme faixa etária, gênero, idade e presença ou ausência de HVE pelo ecocardiograma
| Faixa etária | <60 anos | 60-79 anos | ≥80 anos | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N total: (2458) | 1270 | 1103 | 85 | |
|
| ||||
| Feminino | 908 (71,5%) | 738 (66,9%) | 59 (69,4%) | |
| Masculino | 362 (28,5%) | 365 (33,1%) | 26 (30,5%) | |
| Idade (anos), média (DP) | 50,1 (7,4) | 67 (5,2) | 84 (3,9) | |
| Peso (kg), média (DP) | 74,4 (16,1) | 70,5 (12,9) | 64,8 (12,8) | |
| Altura (m), média (DP) | 1,61 (0,09) | 1,60 (0,07) | 1,59 (0,09) | |
| IMC, média (DP) | 28,58 (5,61) | 27,53 (4,63) | 25,65 (4,51) | |
| SC (m2), média (DP) | 1,75 (0,21) | 1,70 (0,18) | 1,63 (0,18) | |
|
| ||||
| Septo IV | 0,98 (0,17) | 1,00 (0,17) | 1,02 (0,15) | |
| Parede posterior | 0,95 (0,16) | 0,96 (0,15) | 0,96 (0,13) | |
| Diâmetro diastólico | 4,78 (0,52) | 4,79 (0,57) | 4,80 (0,65) | |
| Sem HVE no ECO | 924 | 705 | 47 | |
| HVE no ECO, n (%) | 345 (27,1%) | 398 (36,0%) | 38 (44,7%) | |
| IMVE (g/m2), média (DP) | 93,03 (28,79) | 98,33 (27,65) | 102,70 (32,74) | |
IMC: índice de massa corpórea; SC: superfície corpórea; VE: ventrículo esquerdo; Septo IV: septo interventricular; HVE: hipertrofia ventricular wesquerda; ECO: Ecocardiograma; IMVE: índice de massa do ventrículo esquerdo. Nota: os dados são expressos como média (DP).
Característica da população estudada conforme a faixa etária, gênero, idade e presença ou ausência de HVE pelo ecocardiograma
| Critérios de HVE | GI (<60 anos) | GII (60-79 anos) | GIII (≥80 anos) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensibilidade | Especificidade | Sensibilidade | Especificidade | Sensibilidade | Especificidade | |
| (IC95%) | (IC95%) | (IC95%) | (IC95%) | (IC95%) | (IC95%) | |
|
| 32,2 | 91,7 | 35,6 | 88,5 | 44,7 | 89,3 |
| (27,3-37,1) | (89,8-93,3) | (31,1-40,5) | (85,9-90,6) | (30,1-60,2) | (77,4-95,3) | |
|
| 33,8 | 88,9 | 32,4 | 88,9 | 39,4 | 91,3 |
| (29,0-38,9) | (86,7-90,8) | (28,0-37,1) | (86,4-91,0) | (25,6-55,2) | (79,6-96,5) | |
|
| 20,2 | 96,6 | 17,8 | 96,7 | 34,2 | 89,3 |
| (16,3-24,7) | (95,2-97,6) | (14,3-21,9) | (95,1-97,8) | (21,2-50,1) | (77,4-95,3) | |
|
| 39,6 | 89,3 | 38,1 | 87,5 | 26,3 | 91,4 |
| (34,5-44,8) | (87,2-91,2) | (33,5-43,0) | (84,8-89,7) | (14,9-42,0) | (80,0-96,6) | |
|
| 16,1 | 96,4 | 14,5 | 95 | 21 | 93,6 |
| (12,6-20,4) | (95,0-97,4) | (11,4-18,3) | (93,1-96,4) | (11,0-36,3) | (82,8-97,8) | |
|
| 18,2 | 97,1 | 17,3 | 90,6 | 21 | 91,4 |
| (14,5-22,6) | (95,9-98,0) | (13,9-21,3) | (88,3-92,5) | (11,0-36,3) | (80,0-96,6) | |
|
| 23,7 | 92,1 | 20,8 | 92,6 | 21 | 93,6 |
| (19,5-28,4) | (90,1-93,6) | (17,1-25,1) | (90,4-94,3) | (11,0-36,3) | (82,8-97,8) | |
|
| 14,7 | 97,1 | 12 | 97,1 | 15,7 | 97,8 |
| (11,3-18,8) | (95,9-98,0) | (9,2-15,6) | (95,6-98,1) | (7,4-30,4) | (88,8-99,6) | |
|
| 20,5 | 96,1 | 20,1 | 95,3 | 21 | 91,4 |
| (16,6-25,0) | (94,6-97,1) | (16,4-24,3) | (93,5-96,6) | (11,0-36,3) | (80,0-96,6) | |
|
| 18,5 | 97,2 | 16 | 97 | 15,7 | 93,6 |
| (14,7-22,9) | (96,0-98,1) | (12,8-20,0) | (95,4-98,0) | (7,4-30,4) | (82,8-97,8) | |
|
| 11,8 | 96,6 | 12,3 | 95,8 | 15,7 | 93,6 |
| (8,8-15,6) | (95,2-97,6) | (9,4-15,9) | (94,1-97,1) | (7,4-30,4) | (82,8-97,8) | |
|
| 15,3 | 88,1 | 14 | 90 | 13,1 | 87,2 |
| (11,9-19,4) | (86,9-90,1) | (11,0-17,8) | (87,6-92,0) | (5,7-27,3) | (74,8-94,0) | |
|
| 8,9 | 98,2 | 11,8 | 97,5 | 7,8 | 97,8 |
| (6,3-12,4) | (97,2-98,9) | (9,0-15,3) | (96,1-98,4) | (2,7-20,8) | (88,8-99,6) | |
HVE: hipertrofia ventricular esquerda. Nota: Os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade são expressos com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%), com a utilização do método estatístico de McNemar.
DOR dos critérios eletrocardiográficos descritores de HVE conforme a faixa etária
| Critérios de HVE | GI (<60 anos) | GII (60-79 anos) | GIII (≥80 anos) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| 5,2 (3,8-7,2) | 4,2 (3,1-5,8) | 6,8 (2,2-20,9) |
| 4,1 (3,0-5,5) | 3,8 (2,8-5,2) | 6,8 (2,0-23,0) | |
|
| 7,3 (4,6-11,3) | 6,4 (3,9-10,4) | 4,3 (1,3-13,7) |
|
| 5,5 (4,0-7,4) | 4,3 (3,2-5,8) | 3,8 (1,09-13,4) |
|
| 5,2 (3,3-8,1) | 3,2 (2,1-5,0) | 3,9 (0,9-15,9) |
| 7,6 (4,7-12,3) | 2,0 (1,4-2,8) | 2,8 (0,7-10,3) | |
| 3,6 (2,5-5,1) | 3,3 (2,2-4,7) | 3,9 (0,95-15,9) | |
| 5,9 (3,6-9,7) | 4,6 (2,7-8,0) | 8,6 (0,99-75,12) | |
| 6,3 (4,1-9,7) | 5,1 (3,3-7,8) | 2,8 (0,7-10,3) | |
| 8,1 (5,0-13,2) | 6,2 (3,7-10,3) | 2,7 (0,6-11,8) | |
| 3,8 (2,3-6,2) | 3,2 (2,0-5,2) | 1,9 (0,3-12,1) | |
| 1,3 (0,9-1,9) | 1,4 (1,0-2,1) | 1,03 (0,29-3,6) | |
| 5,5 (3,0-10,3) | 5,4 (3,0-9,5) | 3,9 (0,39-39,5) |
Nota: Dados expressos como a DOR e respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). HVE: hipertrofia ventricular esquerda; DOR: razão de chance diagnóstica (diagnostic odds ratio).
Figura 2Curvas ROC dos grupos estudados. Grupo I (idade <60 anos); b) Grupo II (idade 60 a 79 anos); c) Grupo III (idade ≥80 anos). ROC: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves; AUC: área sob a curva.
Figure 1Flowchart of the study cohort. ECG: electrocardiogram.
Characteristics of the sample according to age group, gender, age, and presence or absence of LVH on echocardiography
| Age group | <60 years | 60-79 years | ≥80 years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N total: (2458) | 1270 | 1103 | 85 | |
|
| ||||
| Male | 362 (28.5%) | 365 (33.1%) | 26 (30.5%) | |
| Female | 908 (71.5%) | 738 (66.9%) | 59 (69.4%) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.1 (7.4) | 67 (5.2) | 84 (3.9) | |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 74.4 (16.1) | 70.5 (12.9) | 64.8 (12.8) | |
| Height (m), mean (SD) | 1.61 (0.09) | 1.60 (0.07) | 1.59 (0.09) | |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.58 (5.61) | 27.53 (4.63) | 25.65 (4.51) | |
| BS (m2), mean (SD) | 1.75 (0.21) | 1.70 (0.18) | 1.63 (0.18) | |
|
| ||||
| IV septum | 0.98 (0.17) | 1.00 (0.17) | 1.02 (0.15) | |
| Posterior wall | 0.95 (0.16) | 0.96 (0.15) | 0.96 (0.13) | |
| Diastolic diameter | 4.78 (0.52) | 4.79 (0.57) | 4.80 (0.65) | |
| No LVH on ECO | 924 | 705 | 47 | |
| LVH on ECHO, n (%) | 345 (27.1%) | 398 (36.0%) | 38 (44.7%) | |
| LVMI (g/m2), mean (SD) | 93.03 (28.79) | 98.33 (27.65) | 102.70 (32.74) | |
BMI: body mass Index; BS: body surface; LV: left ventricle; IV Septum: interventricular septum; LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy; ECHO: echocardiography; LVMI: left ventricle mass index. Note: data are expressed as mean (SD).
Characteristics of the study population according to age group, gender, age, and presence or absence of LVH on echocardiography
| Criteria for LVH | GI (< 60 years) | GII (60-79 years) | GIII (≥ 80 years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity | Specificity | Sensitivity | Specificity | Sensitivity | Specificity | |
| (95%CI) | (95%CI) | (95%CI) | (95%CI) | (95%CI) | (95%CI) | |
|
| 32.2 | 91.7 | 35.6 | 88.5 | 44.7 | 89.3 |
| (27.3-37.1) | (89.8-93.3) | (31.1-40.5) | (85.9-90.6) | (30.1-60.2) | (77.4-95.3) | |
|
| 33.8 | 88.9 | 32.4 | 88.9 | 39.4 | 91.3 |
| (29.0-38.9) | (86.7-90.8) | (28.0-37.1) | (86.4-91.0) | (25.6-55.2) | (79.6-96.5) | |
|
| 20.2 | 96.6 | 17.8 | 96.7 | 34.2 | 89.3 |
| (16.3-24.7) | (95.2-97.6) | (14.3-21.9) | (95.1-97.8) | (21.2-50.1) | (77.4-95.3) | |
|
| 39.6 | 89.3 | 38.1 | 87.5 | 26.3 | 91.4 |
| (34.5-44.8) | (87.2-91.2) | (33.5-43.0) | (84.8-89.7) | (14.9-42.0) | (80.0-96.6) | |
|
| 16.1 | 96.4 | 14.5 | 95 | 21 | 93.6 |
| (12.6-20.4) | (95.0-97.4) | (11.4-18.3) | (93.1-96.4) | (11.0-36.3) | (82.8-97.8) | |
|
| 18.2 | 97.1 | 17.3 | 90.6 | 21 | 91.4 |
| (14.5-22.6) | (95.9-98.0) | (13.9-21.3) | (88.3-92.5) | (11.0-36.3) | (80.0-96.6) | |
|
| 23.7 | 92.1 | 20.8 | 92.6 | 21 | 93.6 |
| (19.5-28.4) | (90.1-93.6) | (17.1-25.1) | (90.4-94.3) | (11.0-36.3) | (82.8-97.8) | |
|
| 14.7 | 97.1 | 12 | 97.1 | 15.7 | 97.8 |
| (11.3-18.8) | (95.9-98.0) | (9.2-15.6) | (95.6-98.1) | (7.4-30.4) | (88.8-99.6) | |
|
| 20.5 | 96.1 | 20.1 | 95.3 | 21 | 91.4 |
| (16.6-25.0) | (94.6-97.1) | (16.4-24.3) | (93.5-96.6) | (11.0-36.3) | (80.0-96.6) | |
|
| 18.5 | 97.2 | 16 | 97 | 15.7 | 93.6 |
| (14.7-22.9) | (96.0-98.1) | (12.8-20.0) | (95.4-98.0) | (7.4-30.4) | (82.8-97.8) | |
|
| 11.8 | 96.6 | 12.3 | 95.8 | 15.7 | 93.6 |
| (8.8-15.6) | (95.2-97.6) | (9.4-15.9) | (94.1-97.1) | (7.4-30.4) | (82.8-97.8) | |
|
| 15.3 | 88.1 | 14 | 90 | 13.1 | 87.2 |
| (11.9-19.4) | (86.9-90.1) | (11.0-17.8) | (87.6-92.0) | (5.7-27.3) | (74.8-94.0) | |
|
| 8.9 | 98.2 | 11.8 | 97.5 | 7.8 | 97.8 |
| (6.3-12.4) | (97.2-98.9) | (9.0-15.3) | (96.1-98.4) | (2.7-20.8) | (88.8-99.6) | |
LVH: left ventricular hypertrophy. Note: Values of sensitivity and specificity are expressed with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), using the McNemar's statistical test.
DOR for ECG criteria for LVH according to age group
| Criteria for LVH | GI (< 60 years) | GII (60-79 years) | GIII (≥ 80 years) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Perugia | 5.2 (3.8-7.2) | 4.2 (3.1-5.8) | 6.8 (2.2-20.9) |
| (Rmax + Smax) product ≥ 2.8 mm.s | 4.1 (3.0-5.5) | 3.8 (2.8-5.2) | 6.8 ( 2.0-23.0) |
| Peguero-Lo Presti | 7.3 (4.6-11.3) | 6.4 (3.9-10.4) | 4.3 (1.3-13.7) |
| Narita | 5.5 (4.0-7.4) | 4.3 (3.2-5.8) | 3.8 (1.09-13.4) |
| Romhilt-Estes | 5.2 (3.3-8.1) | 3.2 (2.1-5.0) | 3.9 (0.9-15.9) |
| Cornell's voltage: ≥ 28 mm (h); ≥ 20 mm (m) | 7.6 (4.7-12.3) | 2.0 (1.4-2.8) | 2.8 (0.7-10.3) |
| Sokolow-Lyon voltage ≥ 30 mm | 3.6 (2.5-5.1) | 3.3 (2.2-4.7) | 3.9 (0.95-15.9) |
| Sokolow-Lyon voltage ≥ 35 mm | 5.9 (3.6-9.7) | 4.6 (2.7-8.0) | 8.6 (0.99-75.12) |
| Cornell's voltage duration ≥ 2440 mm.ms | 6.3 (4.1-9.7) | 5.1 (3.3-7.8) | 2.8 (0.7-10.3) |
| Gubner-Ungerleider ≥ 25 mV | 8.1 (5.0-13.2) | 6.2 (3.7-10.3) | 2.7 (0.6-11.8) |
| RaVL ≥ 11 mm | 3.8 (2.3-6.2) | 3.2 (2.0-5.2) | 1.9 (0.3-12.1) |
| V6/V5ratio > 1 | 1.3 (0.9-1.9) | 1.4 (1.0-2.1) | 1.03 (0.29-3.6) |
| RaVL.dur QRS > 103 mm.ms | 5.5 (3.0-10.3) | 5.4 (3.0-9.5) | 3.9 (0.39-39.5) |
Note: Data expressed as DOR and its respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI). HVE: left ventricular hypertrophy; DOR: diagnostic odds ratio.
Figure 2ROC curve and area under the curve of the three studied grups.Group I (age <60 years); b) Group II (age 60-79 years); c) (age ≥80 years). OC: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves, AUC: area under the curve.