Youping Tao1, Fabio Galbusera2, Frank Niemeyer1, René Jonas1, Dino Samartzis3,4, Daniel Vogele5, Hans-Joachim Wilke6. 1. Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany. 2. IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy. 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center and Rush Graduate College, Chicago, IL, USA. 4. International Spine Research and Innovation Initiative, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. 5. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. 6. Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University, Helmholtzstrasse 14, 89081, Ulm, Germany. hans-joachim.wilke@uni-ulm.de.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To clarify the relative influence of age, sex, disc height loss and T1 slope on upper (Occiput-C2) and lower cervical lordosis (C2-C7). METHODS: Standing lateral cervical radiographs of 865 adult subjects were evaluated. The presence and severity of disc height loss from C2/C3 to C6/C7 (a total of 4325 discs) were assessed using a validated grading system. The total disc height loss score for each subject was calculated as the sum of the score of each disc space. Sagittal radiographic parameters included: occipital slope, occiput-C2 (Oc-C2) lordosis, C2-C7 lordosis and T1 slope. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the relative influence of the multiple factors on upper and lower cervical lordosis. RESULTS: This study included 360 males and 505 females, with a mean age of 40.2 ± 16.0 years (range, 20-95 years). Linear multivariate regression analyses showed that greater age, male sex, greater T1 slope were each found to be significantly and independently associated with greater C2-C7 lordosis, whereas total disc height loss score was negatively associated with C2-C7 lordosis. T1 slope had the most independent influence on C2-C7 lordosis among these factors. Age, sex and disc height loss were not independently associated with Oc-C2 lordosis. CONCLUSIONS: Results from our large-scale radiologic analysis may enhance the understanding of the factors that affect cervical lordosis, indicating that age, sex, disc height loss and T1 slope were each independently associated with C2-C7 lordosis. However, age, sex and disc height loss were not independently associated with upper cervical lordosis.
PURPOSE: To clarify the relative influence of age, sex, disc height loss and T1 slope on upper (Occiput-C2) and lower cervical lordosis (C2-C7). METHODS: Standing lateral cervical radiographs of 865 adult subjects were evaluated. The presence and severity of disc height loss from C2/C3 to C6/C7 (a total of 4325 discs) were assessed using a validated grading system. The total disc height loss score for each subject was calculated as the sum of the score of each disc space. Sagittal radiographic parameters included: occipital slope, occiput-C2 (Oc-C2) lordosis, C2-C7 lordosis and T1 slope. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the relative influence of the multiple factors on upper and lower cervical lordosis. RESULTS: This study included 360 males and 505 females, with a mean age of 40.2 ± 16.0 years (range, 20-95 years). Linear multivariate regression analyses showed that greater age, male sex, greater T1 slope were each found to be significantly and independently associated with greater C2-C7 lordosis, whereas total disc height loss score was negatively associated with C2-C7 lordosis. T1 slope had the most independent influence on C2-C7 lordosis among these factors. Age, sex and disc height loss were not independently associated with Oc-C2 lordosis. CONCLUSIONS: Results from our large-scale radiologic analysis may enhance the understanding of the factors that affect cervical lordosis, indicating that age, sex, disc height loss and T1 slope were each independently associated with C2-C7 lordosis. However, age, sex and disc height loss were not independently associated with upper cervical lordosis.
Authors: Christopher P Ames; Benjamin Blondel; Justin K Scheer; Frank J Schwab; Jean-Charles Le Huec; Eric M Massicotte; Alpesh A Patel; Vincent C Traynelis; Han Jo Kim; Christopher I Shaffrey; Justin S Smith; Virginie Lafage Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976) Date: 2013-10-15 Impact factor: 3.468
Authors: Garrett K Harada; Youping Tao; Philip K Louie; Bryce A Basques; Fabio Galbusera; Frank Niemeyer; Hans-Joachim Wilke; Edward Goldberg; Howard S An; Dino Samartzis Journal: J Orthop Res Date: 2020-03-28 Impact factor: 3.494
Authors: Sravisht Iyer; Lawrence G Lenke; Venu M Nemani; Michael Fu; Grant D Shifflett; Todd J Albert; Brenda A Sides; Lionel N Metz; Matthew E Cunningham; Han Jo Kim Journal: Spine (Phila Pa 1976) Date: 2016-12-01 Impact factor: 3.468