Saikat Mitra1, Shajuthi Rahman Prova1, Sifat Ara Sultana1, Rajib Das1, Firzan Nainu2, Talha Bin Emran3, Abu Montakim Tareq4, Md Sahab Uddin5, Ali M Alqahtani6, Kuldeep Dhama7, Jesus Simal-Gandara8. 1. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. 2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia. 3. Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh. Electronic address: talhabmb@bgctub.ac.bd. 4. Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh. 5. Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh. 6. Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia. 7. Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India. 8. Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain. Electronic address: jsimal@uvigo.es.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Indole alkaloids are very promising for potential therapeutic purposes and appear to be particularly effective against respiratory diseases. Several experimental studies have been performed, both in vivo and in vitro, to evaluate the effectiveness of indole alkaloids for the management of respiratory disorders, including asthma, emphysema, tuberculosis, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. PURPOSE: The fundamental objective of this review was to summarize the in-depth therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids against various respiratory disorders. STUDY DESIGN: In addition to describing the therapeutic potential, this review also evaluates the toxicity of these alkaloids, which have been utilized for therapeutic benefits but have demonstrated toxic consequences. Some indole alkaloids, including scholaricine, 19-epischolaricine, vallesamine, and picrinine, which are derived from the plant Alstonia scholaris, have shown toxic effects in non-rodent models. METHODS: This review also discusses clinical studies exploring the therapeutic efficacy of indole alkaloids, which have confirmed the promising benefits observed in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: The indole alkaloidal compounds have shown efficacy in subjects with respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION: The available data established both preclinical and clinical studies confirm the potential of indole alkaloids to treat the respiratory disorders.
BACKGROUND:Indole alkaloids are very promising for potential therapeutic purposes and appear to be particularly effective against respiratory diseases. Several experimental studies have been performed, both in vivo and in vitro, to evaluate the effectiveness of indole alkaloids for the management of respiratory disorders, including asthma, emphysema, tuberculosis, cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis. PURPOSE: The fundamental objective of this review was to summarize the in-depth therapeutic potential of indole alkaloids against various respiratory disorders. STUDY DESIGN: In addition to describing the therapeutic potential, this review also evaluates the toxicity of these alkaloids, which have been utilized for therapeutic benefits but have demonstrated toxic consequences. Some indole alkaloids, including scholaricine, 19-epischolaricine, vallesamine, and picrinine, which are derived from the plant Alstonia scholaris, have shown toxic effects in non-rodent models. METHODS: This review also discusses clinical studies exploring the therapeutic efficacy of indole alkaloids, which have confirmed the promising benefits observed in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS: The indole alkaloidal compounds have shown efficacy in subjects with respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION: The available data established both preclinical and clinical studies confirm the potential of indole alkaloids to treat the respiratory disorders.