| Literature DB >> 34287566 |
Ariany Lima Jorge1, Erik Ribeiro Pereira1, Christian Sousa de Oliveira1, Eduardo Dos Santos Ferreira1, Edmara Toledo Ninzoli Menon1, Susana Nogueira Diniz1, Julia Alejandra Pezuk1.
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in cells. These small molecules comprise 17 to 25 nucleotides and are able to recognize target messenger RNAs by sequence complementarity and regulate their protein translation. Different microRNAs are expressed in all human cells. There is over 2,500 microRNAs described in humans that are involved in virtually all biological processes. Given their role as gene expression regulators, these molecules have been widely investigated and are thought to be associated with some specific physiological and pathological conditions, being proposed as biomarkers. It has recently been reported that microRNAs are secreted outside cells and are involved in intercellular communication. MicroRNAs in biological fluids are named circulating and have been detected in all body fluids, although the expression profile is specific for each type. The major advantages of using circulating microRNAs as biological markers are the high stability of those molecules and the wide availability of samples. Also, given the individual nature of microRNA expression changes, these molecules have a high potential for use in personalized medicine. In fact, microRNA expression profile determination may support disease recognition and diagnosis, and can be used to monitor therapeutic responses and establish patient prognosis, assisting in choice of treatment. This review provides a general overview of microRNAs and discusses the importance of those molecules in cancer, for deeper understanding of their role in this disease.Entities:
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Year: 2021 PMID: 34287566 PMCID: PMC8277234 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2021RB5996
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Einstein (Sao Paulo) ISSN: 1679-4508
Figure 1Canonical microRNA biogenesis pathway. This pathway begins with nuclear transcription of microRNAs into molecules named pri-microRNAs. Pri-microRNAs are then processed by the nuclear enzyme Drosha to generate smaller molecules, the so-called pre-microRNAs. Pre-microRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm by exportin-5, then processed by the enzyme Dicer, giving rise to double-stranded microRNA molecules, which bind to RNA-induced silencing complex. The strands of bound microRNAs are then separated, originating to mature microRNAs, which are able to bind to messenger RNAs and inhibit their translation
Number of articles investigating relations between microRNAs and cancer published in the last 7 years, according to keywords cited in the title or abstract
| Database | Keywords | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PubMed® | “miRNA” and “cancer” | 1,387 | 1,680 | 1,988 | 1,980 | 2,123 | 2,454 | 2,737 | 14,349 |
| “microRNA” and “cancer” | 1,579 | 1,976 | 2,361 | 2,402 | 2,775 | 2,949 | 3,222 | 17,264 | |
| “circulating microRNA” and “cancer” | 24 | 32 | 33 | 32 | 35 | 35 | 49 | 240 | |
| “circulating microRNA” and “cancer” | 19 | 26 | 40 | 37 | 35 | 32 | 37 | 226 | |
| SciELO | “miRNA and “cancer” | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 22 |
| “microRNA and “cancer” | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 17 | |
| “circulating microRNA” and “cancer” | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| “circulating microRNA” and “cancer” | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Figura 1Biogênese canônica de microRNAs. Os microRNAs são primeiramente traduzidos no núcleo em moléculas denominadas pri-microRNAs. A partir de sequências de DNA, os pri-microRNAs são processados pela enzima nuclear Drosha, dando origem a uma molécula menor, chamada pré-microRNA. O pré-microRNA é exportado ao citoplasma, com a ajuda da exportina-5, no qual será processado pela enzima Dicer, gerando uma molécula de microRNA de fita dupla, que se acoplará ao complexo proteico silenciador induzido por RNA. O microRNA associado ao complexo silenciador induzido por RNA terá suas fitas separadas, dando origem a microRNAs maduros e capazes de se ligar aos RNAs mensageiros, inibindo sua tradução
Quantidade de artigos publicados por ano relacionando microRNAs e câncer, nos últimos 7 anos, de acordo com os descritores citados no título ou resumo
| Base de dados | Descritores | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PubMed® | “miRNA” e “câncer” | 1.387 | 1.680 | 1.988 | 1.980 | 2.123 | 2.454 | 2.737 | 14.349 |
| “microRNA” e “câncer” | 1.579 | 1.976 | 2.361 | 2.402 | 2.775 | 2.949 | 3.222 | 17.264 | |
| “miRNA circulante” e “câncer” | 24 | 32 | 33 | 32 | 35 | 35 | 49 | 240 | |
| “microRNA circulante” e “câncer” | 19 | 26 | 40 | 37 | 35 | 32 | 37 | 226 | |
| SciELO | “miRNA e “câncer” | 4 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 22 |
| “microRNA e “câncer” | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 17 | |
| “miRNA circulantes” e “câncer” | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| “microRNA circulante” e “câncer” | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |