Lindsay L Loundagain1, Todd L Bredbenner2, Karl J Jepsen3,4, W Brent Edwards5,6. 1. Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, 105 Administration Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A2, Canada. 2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO, USA. 3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 4. Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 5. Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada. wbedward@ucalgary.ca. 6. McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, HRIC 3A08, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada. wbedward@ucalgary.ca.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Image-based measurements of bone integrity are used to estimate failure properties and clinical fracture risk. This paper (1) reviews recent imaging studies that have enhanced our understanding of the mechanical pathways to bone fracture and (2) discusses the influence that inter-individual differences in image-based measurements may have on the clinical assessment of fracture risk RECENT FINDINGS: Increased tissue mineralization is associated with improved bone strength but reduced fracture toughness. Trabecular architecture that is important for fatigue resistance is less important for bone strength. The influence of porosity on bone failure properties is heavily dependent on pore location and size. The interaction of various characteristics, such as bone area and mineral content, can further complicate their influence on bone failure properties. What is beneficial for bone strength is not always beneficial for bone toughness or fatigue resistance. Additionally, given the large amount of imaging data that is clinically available, there is a need to develop effective translational strategies to better interpret non-invasive measurements of bone integrity.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Image-based measurements of bone integrity are used to estimate failure properties and clinical fracture risk. This paper (1) reviews recent imaging studies that have enhanced our understanding of the mechanical pathways to bone fracture and (2) discusses the influence that inter-individual differences in image-based measurements may have on the clinical assessment of fracture risk RECENT FINDINGS: Increased tissue mineralization is associated with improved bone strength but reduced fracture toughness. Trabecular architecture that is important for fatigue resistance is less important for bone strength. The influence of porosity on bone failure properties is heavily dependent on pore location and size. The interaction of various characteristics, such as bone area and mineral content, can further complicate their influence on bone failure properties. What is beneficial for bone strength is not always beneficial for bone toughness or fatigue resistance. Additionally, given the large amount of imaging data that is clinically available, there is a need to develop effective translational strategies to better interpret non-invasive measurements of bone integrity.
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