Erratum: Systemic Characterization of Novel Immune Cell Phenotypes in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657552.].

Due to a production error, additional proof corrections submitted by the author were not implemented in the final version. Corrections have therefore been made throughout the article.

There was an error in , , , and . Instead of “Characteristics of 12 immune parameters with significant differences in NPW, NP and RPL groups”, should say “Characteristics of 11 immune parameters with significant differences in NPW, NP and RPL groups”. Therefore, references to “V2+PD-1+” were removed in these tables and figures, as well as throughout the text, including the Abstract, Introduction and Results.

Table 1

Characteristics of 11 immune parameters with significant differences in NPW, NP and RPL groups.

	Mean/ Median	SD/ Range	95% upper limit	5% lower limit	NPW			NP			RPL
					Higher (%)	In (%)	Lower (%)	Higher (%)	In (%)	Lower (%)	Higher (%)	In (%)	Lower (%)
Naïve CD4+ T cellsa	21.12	12.96	46.52	-4.28	4	96	0	4	96	0	8	92	0
Central memory CD4+ T cellsb	7.83	5.88-9.96	16.27	1.97	4	92	4	4	94	2	24	76	0
Terminal different CD4+ T cellsb	18.70	13.35-25.95	40.87	6.57	4	92	4	4	94	2	0	72	28
Effective memory CD4+ T cellsa	50.74	11.76	73.79	27.69	2	96	2	4	96	0	0	94	6
Naïve CD8+ T cellsb	21.55	13.33-32.53	49.78	6.61	4	92	4	0	94	6	10	90	0
Immature NK cellb	87.35	69.80-92.23	96.08	24.56	4	92	4	0	98	2	2	58	40
Mature NK cellsb	12.35	7.07-29.63	75.45	3.86	4	92	4	2	98	0	40	56	4
Vdelta 1+a	43.23	21.18	84.74	1.72	2	98	0	2	98	0	32	68	0
Vdelta 2+a	56.69	21.2	98.24	15.14	0	98	2	0	98	2	0	68	32
Vdelta 1+/Vdelta 2+b	0.74	0.35-1.56	4.86	0.12	4	94	2	4	94	2	34	64	2
Peripheral T helper cellsb	60.97	5.88	72.49	49.45	0	98	2	0	100	0	0	96	4

amean/SD; bmedian/range.

Table 2

Potential functions of significantly different immune cell subsets.

Cell subsets	Potential functions	Ref
Naïve CD4+ T cells	Naïve CD4+ T cells differentiate to effector T cells and subsequently develop into long-lived memory T cells.	(32, 33)
Naïve CD8+ T cells	Naïve CD8+ T cells differentiate to effector T cells and subsequently develop into long-lived memory T cells.	(32, 33)
Terminal differentiated CD4+ T cells	Terminally differentiated CD4+ T cells are associated with protection, though they do not have the ability of renewal and differentiation	(34)
Central memory CD4+ T cells	Central memory CD4+ T cells mediate reactive memory, readily proliferate, and differentiate to effector cells and produce large amounts of IFN-γ or IL-4 in response to antigenic stimulation.	(35, 36)
Effective memory CD4+ T cells	Effective memory CD4+ T cells mediate protective memory, display immediate effector function.	(35, 36)
Immature NK cells	Immature NK cells have low cytotoxicity and high production of cytokines and chemokines, including M-CSF and GM-CSF.	(37)
Mature NK cells	Mature NK cells are functionally well known for their potent cytotoxic activity	(37–39)
Vδ1+ T cells	Vδ1+ T cells possess both regulatory and effector properties. Vδ1 T cells could kill tumor cells and have pro-inflammatory properties.	(40–42)
Vδ2+ T cells	Vδ2+ T cells exert a cytolytic effect against pathogenic properties.	(40)
Peripheral T helper cells(TPH)	TPH cells are uniquely antigen-specific T cells with increased expression of genes associated with B cell functions.	(43–45)

Figure 1

Study design and the overview of the different immunological parameters among the three groups. (A) Schedule of the study. Three groups were included in our study: NPW group (women who were never pregnant, n=50), NP group (women with the history of normal pregnancy, n=50) and RPL group (women with the history of RPL, n=50). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 5 ml peripheral blood. Total 63 immune cell subsets were simultaneously detected by flow cytometry, including T cell, NK cell and gd T cell subsets. By analyzing the data, clinical-relevant immune parameters were finally identified. (B) Heat map of the significantly changed immune parameters. The 63 immunological parameters were compared among the three groups and presented as the heat map, which can directly show the differences. The colors represent the different significance among the comparisons. The deeper the color is red, the larger the differences are. The blue represents no significance. NPW, women never pregnant; NP, women with a history of normal pregnancy; RPL, women with ahistory of RPL.

Figure 3

Reference ranges for the significantly changed immune parameters. (A–J) Reference ranges for significantly changed immune parameters related to RPL. The percentages of naïve CD4+ T cells (A), central memory CD4+ T cells (B), naïve CD8+ T cells (E), mature NK cells (G), Vδ1+ T cells (H) and the ratio of Vδ1+ T cells/Vδ2+ T cells (J) were significantly higher in the RPL group than those in the NPW and NP groups. The percentages of terminal differentiated CD4+ T cells (D), effective memory CD4+ T cells (D), immature NK cells (F) and Vδ2+ T cells (I) were significantly lower in the RPL group than those in the NPW and NP groups. The mean + 1.96 SD was used to measure the reference ranges for the normally distributed data. Median and 5th/95th percentiles represented the lower/upper limit to set up the reference ranges for skewed distribution data. In 14%- 40% of women with RPL, the percentages of central memory CD4+ T cells (B), mature NK cells (G), the ratio of Vδ1+ T cells/Vδ2+ T cells (J), and Vδ1+ T cells (H) were above the 95th percentile limit. In 28% - 40% of women with RPL group, the percentages of terminally differentiated CD4+ T cells (C), immature NK cells (F) and Vδ2+ T cells (I) were below the 5th percentile limit. The percentages of these different immunological parameters in the NP group were similar to those in the NPW group, and most were within the 5th percentile limit and 95th percentile limit. (K) Reference ranges for significantly changed immune parameters related to pregnancies. The percentage of TPH was significantly low in the NP and RPL groups compared with the NPW group. Vdelta1: Vd1; Vdelta2: Vd2. Significance levels were set to *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001, and ns means not significant.

The corrected tables and figures appear below.

Additionally, , , and were not the latest versions. The correct versions appear below.

The publisher apologizes for these mistakes. The original version of this article has been updated.