Richard W Foltin1, Rachel Luba2, Yuan Chen3, Yuanjia Wang3, Suzette M Evans2. 1. Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA. Electronic address: rwf2@cumc.columbia.edu. 2. Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA. 3. Division on Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Impulsivity has been identified as playing a role in cocaine use. The purpose of this study was to explore self-report measures of impulsivity in large groups of male and female cocaine users and matched controls and to determine if differences in impulsivity measures within a group of cocaine users related to self-reported money spent on cocaine and route of cocaine use. METHODS: Eight self-report impulsivity measures yielding 34 subscales were obtained in 230 cocaine users (180 M, 50 F) and a matched group of 119 healthy controls (89 M, 30 F). Correlational analysis of the questionnaires revealed 2 factors: Impulsive Action (Factor 1) consisting of many traditional impulsivity measures and Thrill-seeking (Factor 2) consisting of delay discounting, sensation and thrill seeking. RESULTS: Sex influenced within group comparisons. Impulsive Action scores did not vary as a function of sex within either group. But, male controls and male cocaine users had greater Thrill-seeking scores than females within the same group. Sex also influenced between group comparisons. Male cocaine users had greater Impulsive Action scores while female cocaine users had greater Thrill-seeking scores than their sex-matched controls. Among cocaine users, individuals who preferred insufflating ("snorting") cocaine had greater Thrill-seeking scores and lower Impulsive Action scores than individuals who preferred smoking cocaine. Individuals who insufflate cocaine also spent less money on cocaine. CONCLUSIONS: Greater Impulsive Action scores in males and Thrill-seeking scores in females were associated with cocaine use relative to controls.
BACKGROUND: Impulsivity has been identified as playing a role in cocaine use. The purpose of this study was to explore self-report measures of impulsivity in large groups of male and female cocaine users and matched controls and to determine if differences in impulsivity measures within a group of cocaine users related to self-reported money spent on cocaine and route of cocaine use. METHODS: Eight self-report impulsivity measures yielding 34 subscales were obtained in 230 cocaine users (180 M, 50 F) and a matched group of 119 healthy controls (89 M, 30 F). Correlational analysis of the questionnaires revealed 2 factors: Impulsive Action (Factor 1) consisting of many traditional impulsivity measures and Thrill-seeking (Factor 2) consisting of delay discounting, sensation and thrill seeking. RESULTS: Sex influenced within group comparisons. Impulsive Action scores did not vary as a function of sex within either group. But, male controls and male cocaine users had greater Thrill-seeking scores than females within the same group. Sex also influenced between group comparisons. Male cocaine users had greater Impulsive Action scores while female cocaine users had greater Thrill-seeking scores than their sex-matched controls. Among cocaine users, individuals who preferred insufflating ("snorting") cocaine had greater Thrill-seeking scores and lower Impulsive Action scores than individuals who preferred smoking cocaine. Individuals who insufflate cocaine also spent less money on cocaine. CONCLUSIONS: Greater Impulsive Action scores in males and Thrill-seeking scores in females were associated with cocaine use relative to controls.
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