| Literature DB >> 34227761 |
Bolin Liu1, Jian Xie1, Ziwei Zhao1, Xiuli Wang1, Xiaomei Shan1.
Abstract
Chloramphenicols, nitroimidazoles, lincosamides, and macrolides are common antibiotics used in veterinary medicine. Overdoses of these drugs will lead to residual substances in animal-derived foods and accumulate in the body through the food chain, thereby exerting adverse effects on human health. Therefore, regulation of veterinary drug levels is imperative to ensure the quality of animal-derived foods and safeguard the health of consumers. In this study, a method based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with solid phase extraction (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight prohibited and restricted veterinary drugs and three metabolite residues across four categories (chloramphenicols, nitroimidazoles, lincosamides, and macrolides) in eggs, liquid milk, chicken, and freshwater fish. The main factors affecting the response, recovery, and sensitivity of the method, such as the type and pH values of the extraction solvent, dilution solution for the analytes, type of chromatographic column, and type and proportion of the mobile phase, were optimized during sample pretreatment and instrument analysis. The samples were hydrolyzed and dispersed in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solutions (pH 9.0) and extracted with acetonitrile. The extract was further extracted using ethyl acetate. After centrifugation, the supernatant ethyl acetate was concentrated to near dryness in nitrogen below 40 ℃. The residue was dissolved in 0.3 mL methanol, followed by the addition of 5.7 mL phosphate buffer solution. After shaking, the solutions were purified and enriched on an Oasis HLB SPE column. The target analytes were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) at a column temperature of 40 ℃ with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The injection volume was 10 μL. Gradient elution was carried out with methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phases. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was conducted in the positive and negative electrospray ionization modes. The isotope internal standard method was used for quantitative analysis. Under optimal conditions, each analyte showed a good linear relationship in each range, and the correlation coefficient (R2) was greater than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.050 to 0.50 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.20 to 1.5 μg/kg. With eggs, freshwater fish, chicken, and liquid milk as the matrix samples, the recoveries in spiked blank samples were determined at different addition levels in compliance with the current legislation. The average recoveries of the 11 analytes were 65.3% to 108%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were between 0.40% and 21%. The matrix effects of the analytes were between 0.0124% and 46.80% in four different samples after purification on the Oasis HLB column. The practicality of the proposed approach for routine analyses of the eight prohibited and restricted veterinary drugs, and three metabolite residuals was evaluated by applying it to the determination of these compounds in animal-derived food samples. The samples, including 80 eggs, 80 chicken, 40 liquid milk, and 32 freshwater fish, were procured from a supermarket and a farm product market. The results of the positive samples were consistent with those observed with the standard methods. The method described herein is easy to operate, sensitive, and accurate. It is suitable for the simultaneous and rapid determination of various prohibited and restricted veterinary drug residues and metabolites in animal-derived foods.Entities:
Keywords: animal-derived foods; isotope internal standard; matrix effect (ME); metabolites; solid phase extraction (SPE); ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS); veterinary drug residues
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34227761 PMCID: PMC9404068 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2020.05012
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Se Pu ISSN: 1000-8713
11种待测物及9种同位素内标的质谱参数
| Analyte | ESI | Parent ion | Product ions | Collision | Cone voltage/ | IS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florfenicol amine (氟苯尼考胺) | + | 0.84 | 248.1 | 230.1*/130.1 | 12/24 | 30 | florfenicol amine-D3 |
| Metronidazole (甲硝唑) | + | 1.49 | 172.1 | 128.1*/82.0 | 14/22 | 30 | metronidazole-D4 |
| Ronidazole (洛硝达唑) | + | 1.55 | 201 | 140.0*/55.1 | 12/20 | 24 | ronidazole-D3 |
| Dimetridazole (地美硝唑) | + | 1.68 | 142.1 | 96.0*/81.0 | 16/22 | 36 | dimetridazole-D3 |
| Thiamphenicol (甲砜霉素) | - | 2.2 | 354 | 185.0*/290.1 | 20/12 | 30 | thiamphenicol-D3 |
| Lincomycin (林可霉素) | + | 2.43 | 407.4 | 126.1*/359.3 | 28/20 | 52 | lincomycin-D3 |
| Florfenicol (氟苯尼考) | - | 2.89 | 356 | 185.0*/336.1 | 18/10 | 36 | florfenicol-D3 |
| Chloramphenicol (氯霉素) | - | 3.71 | 321 | 257.0/152.0* | 10/20 | 30 | chloramphenicol-D5 |
| Erythromycin A (红霉素A) | + | 4.25 | 734.5 | 158.1*/576.5 | 28/20 | 48 | erythromycin A-D6 |
| Erythromycin A enol ether | + | 4.28 | 716.4 | 158.1*/83.0/558.3 | 30/42/20 | 44 | erythromycin A-D6 |
| (红霉素A烯醇醚) | |||||||
| Anhydro erythromycin A (脱氧红霉素A) | + | 4.42 | 716.4 | 158.1*/558.3 | 30/16 | 38 | erythromycin A-D6 |
| Florfenicol amine-D3 (氟苯尼考胺-D3) | + | 0.83 | 251.2 | 233.1*/130.2 | 12/24 | 30 | |
| Metronidazole-D4 (甲硝唑-D4) | + | 1.49 | 176.2 | 128.1*/82.0 | 16/26 | 30 | |
| Ronidazole-D3 (洛硝达唑-D3) | + | 1.55 | 204 | 143.0*/58.0 | 20/12 | 24 | |
| Dimetridazole-D3 (地美硝唑-D3) | + | 1.68 | 145 | 99.0*/83.0 | 22/16 | 36 | |
| Thiamphenicol-D3 (甲砜霉素-D3) | - | 2.2 | 357.1 | 188.1*/293.1 | 20/12 | 40 | |
| Lincomycin-D3 (林可霉素-D3) | + | 2.43 | 410.4 | 129.1*/362.3 | 28/20 | 52 | |
| Florfenicol-D3 (氟苯尼考-D3) | - | 2.89 | 359.1 | 188.1*/339.1 | 18/10 | 36 | |
| Chloramphenicol-D5(氯霉素-D5) | - | 3.71 | 326 | 157.0*/262.0 | 18/12 | 30 | |
| Erythromycin A-D6 (红霉素A-D6) | + | 4.25 | 740.5 | 164.1*/582.5 | 32/20 | 48 |
* Quantitative ion.
图 111种禁限兽药及代谢物的总离子流色谱图
图 2磷酸盐缓冲液的pH值对11种禁限兽药及代谢物提取效率的影响
图 3不同净化方式对11种禁限兽药及代谢物回收率的影响(n=3)
图 4不同基质样品中11种禁限兽药及代谢物的基质效应
11种禁限兽药及代谢物的线性方程、线性范围、相关系数、检出限和定量限
| Analyte | Linear equation | Linear range/(μg/L) |
| LOD/(μg/kg) | LOQ/(μg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florfenicol amine | 0.1-50 | 0.9992 | 0.050 | 0.20 | |
| Metronidazole | 0.1-50 | 0.9972 | 0.050 | 0.20 | |
| Ronidazole | 0.1-50 | 0.9982 | 0.050 | 0.20 | |
| Dimetridazole | 0.1-50 | 0.9968 | 0.050 | 0.20 | |
| Thiamphenicol | 1.0-50 | 0.9927 | 0.50 | 1.5 | |
| Lincomycin | 0.1-50 | 0.9988 | 0.050 | 0.20 | |
| Florfenicol | 0.5-50 | 0.9971 | 0.25 | 0.80 | |
| Chloramphenicol | 0.5-50 | 0.9981 | 0.25 | 0.80 | |
| Erythromycin A | 0.2-50 | 0.9991 | 0.10 | 0.30 | |
| Erythromycin A enol ether | 0.2-50 | 0.9969 | 0.10 | 0.30 | |
| Anhydro erythromycin A | 0.2-50 | 0.9914 | 0.10 | 0.30 |
y: peak area ratio of the analytes to the internal standard; x: mass concentration, μg/L.
11种禁限兽药及代谢物在实际样品中的加标回收率和相对标准偏差(n=6)
| Analyte | Spiked level/ | Recoveries/% | RSDs/% | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Egg | Fish | Chicken | Milk | Egg | Fish | Chicken | Milk | ||||
| Florfenicol amine | 0.2 | 97.9 | 89.7 | 98.4 | 94.0 | 11 | 13 | 10 | 14 | ||
| 2.0 | 93.4 | 92.9 | 94.5 | 92.5 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 6.2 | 7.2 | |||
| 100 | 97.1 | 100 | 94.0 | 92.3 | 6.8 | 2.4 | 11 | 4.9 | |||
| Metronidazole | 0.2 | 92.5 | 84.1 | 84.1 | 86.3 | 2.0 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.1 | ||
| 2.0 | 91.0 | 83.8 | 77.9 | 81.5 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 3.3 | |||
| 20 | 98.2 | 95.9 | 107 | 103 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 2.2 | 3.3 | |||
| Ronidazole | 0.2 | 92.5 | 95.4 | 98.7 | 93.7 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 2.8 | 6.8 | ||
| 2.0 | 96.2 | 95.3 | 95.8 | 93.6 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 4.8 | |||
| 20 | 94.4 | 93.5 | 107 | 94.8 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 4.0 | 7.3 | |||
| Dimetridazole | 0.2 | 99.0 | 105 | 100 | 102 | 7.8 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 5.1 | ||
| 2.0 | 100 | 98.2 | 94.0 | 97.3 | 2.1 | 4.8 | 1.4 | 3.6 | |||
| 20 | 96.5 | 97.7 | 83.8 | 104 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 5.2 | 6.9 | |||
| Thiamphenicol | 2.0 | 95.0 | 99.8 | 97.7 | 98.4 | 6.2 | 2.8 | 1.6 | 4.6 | ||
| 10 | 102 | 97.4 | 101 | 103 | 0.40 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 2.4 | |||
| 50 | 98.0 | 98.8 | 98.4 | 98.6 | 7.0 | 8.9 | 5.8 | 2.8 | |||
| Lincomycin | 0.2 | 102 | 91.9 | 89.7 | 85.8 | 6.2 | 9.9 | 4.1 | 3.3 | ||
| 2.0 | 97.5 | 91.0 | 94.3 | 90.5 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 0.94 | |||
| 50 | 83.6 | 76.7 | 77.8 | 95.0 | 1.5 | 5.4 | 10 | 8.6 | |||
| Florfenicol | 1.0 | 98.6 | 100 | 101 | 100 | 6.9 | 9.6 | 11 | 10 | ||
| 2.0 | 102 | 99.1 | 99.5 | 98.3 | 2.5 | 2.07 | 2.90 | 3.3 | |||
| 100 | 104 | 103 | 101 | 100 | 2.4 | 1.2 | 5.3 | 4.4 | |||
| Chloramphenicol | 1.0 | 102 | 107 | 108 | 106 | 3.4 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 0.76 | ||
| 2.0 | 101 | 99.5 | 103 | 102 | 0.55 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.2 | |||
| 10 | 103 | 101 | 103 | 107 | 5.3 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 2.0 | |||
| Erythromycin A | 0.3 | 87.5 | 93.5 | 90.7 | 94.7 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 1.1 | 5.5 | ||
| 2.0 | 86.4 | 93.9 | 92.1 | 93.7 | 0.88 | 2.1 | 4.2 | 5.2 | |||
| 40 | 104 | 102 | 100 | 99.7 | 5.5 | 0.8 | 4.2 | 5.6 | |||
| Erythromycin A enol ether | 0.3 | 65.3 | 104 | 84.4 | 82.1 | 11 | 4.2 | 15 | 8.1 | ||
| 2.0 | 76.1 | 97.2 | 71.2 | 90.2 | 13 | 4.2 | 21 | 11 | |||
| 10 | 86.9 | 99.9 | 83.2 | 90.2 | 14 | 3.9 | 10 | 7.0 | |||
| Anhydro erythromycin A | 0.3 | 101 | 86.3 | 98.7 | 94.4 | 2.7 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 6.0 | ||
| 2.0 | 105 | 94.6 | 96.6 | 98.8 | 0.44 | 12 | 6.2 | 7.4 | |||
| 10 | 105 | 95.0 | 102 | 108 | 8.8 | 16 | 4.4 | 0.85 | |||