Neighborhood component analysis for modeling papermaking wastewater treatment processes.

It is of great importance to obtain accurate effluent quality indices in time for pulping and papermaking wastewater treatment processes. However, considering the complex characteristics of industrial wastewater treatment systems, conventional modeling methods such as partial least squares (PLS) and artificial neural networks (ANN) cannot achieve satisfactory prediction accuracy. As a supervised metric learning method, neighborhood component analysis (NCA) is able to significantly improve the prediction performance by training an appropriate model in metric space using the distance between samples for papermaking wastewater treatment processes. The results on two data sets show that NCA has a higher prediction accuracy compared with PLS and ANN. Specifically, NCA has the highest determination coefficient (R2) and the lowest root mean square error in a benchmark simulation data set. On the other hand, the results on the data from an industrial wastewater process indicate that NCA has better modeling accuracy and its R2 increases by 32.80% and 29.08% compared with PLS and ANN, respectively. NCA provides a feasible way to realize online monitoring and automatic control in wastewater treatment processes.