Olfa Kanoun1, Tamara Lazarević-Pašti2, Igor Pašti3, Salem Nasraoui1,4,5, Malak Talbi1,4,5, Amina Brahem1,4,5, Anurag Adiraju1, Evgeniya Sheremet6, Raul D Rodriguez7, Mounir Ben Ali4,5, Ammar Al-Hamry1. 1. Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany. 2. Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. 3. Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. 4. NANOMISENE Lab, LR16CRMN01, Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse, Technopole of Sousse B.P. 334, Sahloul, Sousse 4034, Tunisia. 5. Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse, University of Sousse, 4003 Tunisia of Sousse, GREENS-ISSAT, Cité Ettafala, Ibn Khaldoun, Sousse 4003, Tunisia. 6. Research School of Physics, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia. 7. Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Technologies, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors play a significant role in detecting chemical ions, molecules, and pathogens in water and other applications. These sensors are sensitive, portable, fast, inexpensive, and suitable for online and in-situ measurements compared to other methods. They can provide the detection for any compound that can undergo certain transformations within a potential window. It enables applications in multiple ion detection, mainly since these sensors are primarily non-specific. In this paper, we provide a survey of electrochemical sensors for the detection of water contaminants, i.e., pesticides, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorus, water hardeners, disinfectant, and other emergent contaminants (phenol, estrogen, gallic acid etc.). We focus on the influence of surface modification of the working electrodes by carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, imprinted polymers and evaluate the corresponding sensing performance. Especially for pesticides, which are challenging and need special care, we highlight biosensors, such as enzymatic sensors, immunobiosensor, aptasensors, and biomimetic sensors. We discuss the sensors' overall performance, especially concerning real-sample performance and the capability for actual field application.
Electrochemicpan class="Chemical">al sensors play a significant role in detecting chemical ions, molecules, and pathogens in water and other applications. These sensors are sensitive, portable, fast, inexpensive, and suitable for online and in-situ measurements compared to other methods. They can provide the detection for any compound that can undergo certain transformations within a potential window. It enables applications in multiple ion detection, mainly since these sensors are primarily non-specific. In this paper, we provide a survey of electrochemical sensors for the detection of water contaminants, i.e., pesticides, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorus, water hardeners, disinfectant, and other emergent contaminants (phenol, estrogen, gallic acid etc.). We focus on the influence of surface modification of the working electrodes by carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, imprinted polymers and evaluate the corresponding sensing performance. Especially for pesticides, which are challenging and need special care, we highlight biosensors, such as enzymatic sensors, immunobiosensor, aptasensors, and biomimetic sensors. We discuss the sensors' overall performance, especially concerning real-sample performance and the capability for actual field application.