Lars Saemann1,2,3, Alina Zubarevich4, Folker Wenzel3, Jasmin Soethoff2, Sivakkanan Loganathan1,2, Sevil Korkmaz-Icöz2, Matthias Karck2, Gábor Szabó1,2, Gábor Veres1,2. 1. Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Halle, Halle, Germany. 2. Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. 3. Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany. 4. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, Heidelberg.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have demonstrated the impact of internal thoracic artery (ITA) harvesting on microcirculation in parasternal tissues. However, the impact of skeletonized ITA harvesting on intrasternal microcirculation is unknown. Intraskeletal tissue perfusion has been proven to be crucial for deep wound healing. Furthermore, the impact of different levels of surgical preparation quality on intrasternal microcirculation has not been investigated yet. METHODS: Sternal microcirculation (sLDP) was monitored with a novel Laser Doppler Perfusion needle probe, while the ITA was skeletonized in a pig model. To mimic different levels of preparation quality, satellite veins were either coagulated or not during preparation. To show the effect of ideally avoiding any surgical manipulation on sLDP, the ITA was clipped in a third sham-harvested group. RESULTS: sLDP was reduced highly significant to 71 [standard deviation (SD): 9]% (P < 0.001) after skeletonized harvesting of the ITA. Coagulation of the satellite veins as a detrimental surgical factor resulted in a significantly stronger reduction of sLDP to 56 (SD: 11)% (P < 0.05) compared to sLDP with non-coagulated satellite veins. ITA clipping reduced sLDP highly significant to 71 (SD: 8)% (P < 0.001) in the sham-operated group. CONCLUSIONS: ITA harvesting markedly impairs microcirculation of the sternum but remains unavoidable when coronary artery bypass grafting should be performed. Nevertheless, excessive surgical damage and coagulation of satellite veins is avoidable and should be reduced to a minimum to minimize the risk of deep sternal wound healing complications.
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have demonstrated the impact of internal thoracic artery (ITA) harvesting on microcirculation in parasternal tissues. However, the impact of skeletonized ITA harvesting on intrasternal microcirculation is unknown. Intraskeletal tissue perfusion has been proven to be crucial for deep wound healing. Furthermore, the impact of different levels of surgical preparation quality on intrasternal microcirculation has not been investigated yet. METHODS: Sternal microcirculation (sLDP) was monitored with a novel Laser Doppler Perfusion needle probe, while the ITA was skeletonized in a pig model. To mimic different levels of preparation quality, satellite veins were either coagulated or not during preparation. To show the effect of ideally avoiding any surgical manipulation on sLDP, the ITA was clipped in a third sham-harvested group. RESULTS: sLDP was reduced highly significant to 71 [standard deviation (SD): 9]% (P < 0.001) after skeletonized harvesting of the ITA. Coagulation of the satellite veins as a detrimental surgical factor resulted in a significantly stronger reduction of sLDP to 56 (SD: 11)% (P < 0.05) compared to sLDP with non-coagulated satellite veins. ITA clipping reduced sLDP highly significant to 71 (SD: 8)% (P < 0.001) in the sham-operated group. CONCLUSIONS: ITA harvesting markedly impairs microcirculation of the sternum but remains unavoidable when coronary artery bypass grafting should be performed. Nevertheless, excessive surgical damage and coagulation of satellite veins is avoidable and should be reduced to a minimum to minimize the risk of deep sternal wound healing complications.
Authors: Steven Goldman; Karen Zadina; Thomas Moritz; Theron Ovitt; Gulshan Sethi; Jack G Copeland; Lizy Thottapurathu; Barbara Krasnicka; Nancy Ellis; Robert J Anderson; William Henderson Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2004-12-07 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: K Knobloch; A Lichtenberg; M Pichlmaier; H Mertsching; A Krug; U Klima; A Haverich Journal: Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Date: 2003-10 Impact factor: 1.827