Yanelli Nunez1, Amelia K Boehme2, Maggie Li3, Jeff Goldsmith4, Marc G Weisskopf5, Diane B Re3, Ana Navas-Acien3, Aaron van Donkelaar6, Randall V Martin6, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou3. 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: yn2295@cumc.columbia.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. 3. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA. 4. Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA. 5. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 6. Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halix, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including disease aggravation in Parkinson's disease (PD), but associations with specific PM2.5 components have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association between specific PM2.5 components and PD first hospitalization, a surrogate for disease aggravation. METHODS: We obtained data on hospitalizations from the New York Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (2000-2014) to calculate annual first PD hospitalization counts in New York State per county. We used well-validated prediction models at 1 km2 resolution to estimate county level population-weighted annual black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate, sulfate, sea salt (SS), and soil particle concentrations. We then used a multi-pollutant mixed quasi-Poisson model with county-specific random intercepts to estimate rate ratios (RR) of one-year exposure to each PM2.5 component and PD disease aggravation. We evaluated potential nonlinear exposure-outcome relationships using penalized splines and accounted for potential confounders. RESULTS: We observed a total of 197,545 PD first hospitalizations in NYS from 2000 to 2014. The annual average count per county was 212 first hospitalizations. The RR (95% confidence interval) for PD aggravation was 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) per one standard deviation (SD) increase in nitrate concentrations and 1.06 (1.04, 1.09) for the corresponding increase in OM concentrations. We also found a nonlinear inverse association between PD aggravation and BC at concentrations above the 96th percentile. We found a marginal association with SS and no association with sulfate or soil exposure. CONCLUSION: In this study, we detected associations between the PM2.5 components OM and nitrate with PD disease aggravation. Our findings support that PM2.5 adverse effects on PD may vary by particle composition.
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including disease aggravation in Parkinson's disease (PD), but associations with specific PM2.5 components have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association between specific PM2.5 components and PD first hospitalization, a surrogate for disease aggravation. METHODS: We obtained data on hospitalizations from the New York Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (2000-2014) to calculate annual first PD hospitalization counts in New York State per county. We used well-validated prediction models at 1 km2 resolution to estimate county level population-weighted annual black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate, sulfate, sea salt (SS), and soil particle concentrations. We then used a multi-pollutant mixed quasi-Poisson model with county-specific random intercepts to estimate rate ratios (RR) of one-year exposure to each PM2.5 component and PD disease aggravation. We evaluated potential nonlinear exposure-outcome relationships using penalized splines and accounted for potential confounders. RESULTS: We observed a total of 197,545 PD first hospitalizations in NYS from 2000 to 2014. The annual average count per county was 212 first hospitalizations. The RR (95% confidence interval) for PD aggravation was 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) per one standard deviation (SD) increase in nitrate concentrations and 1.06 (1.04, 1.09) for the corresponding increase in OM concentrations. We also found a nonlinear inverse association between PD aggravation and BC at concentrations above the 96th percentile. We found a marginal association with SS and no association with sulfate or soil exposure. CONCLUSION: In this study, we detected associations between the PM2.5 components OM and nitrate with PD disease aggravation. Our findings support that PM2.5 adverse effects on PD may vary by particle composition.
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