Robert A Hiatt1, Susan L Stewart2, Julianna Deardorff3, Elizabeth Danial4, Ekland Abdiwahab4, Susan M Pinney5, Susan L Teitelbaum6, Gayle C Windham7, Mary S Wolff6, Lawrence H Kushi8, Frank M Biro9. 1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: Robert.Hiatt@ucsf.edu. 2. Division of Biostatistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California. 3. Division of Community Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, California. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. 5. Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio. 6. Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York. 7. Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California. 8. Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California. 9. Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and menarche has implications for understanding social level influences on early life development and adult disease, including breast cancer, but remains ill defined. We report here results from the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, which permitted a longitudinal study of age at menarche in relationship to childhood SES in a diverse cohort of 1,069 girls across three urban areas of the United States. METHODS: We assessed the association of SES index quintiles with age at pubertal onset with breast budding and subsequent tempo to the age at menarche between 2004 and 2015 using multiple-event Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In an unadjusted model, lower SES was predictive of both earlier pubertal onset and tempo and thus earlier age at menarche in trends across quintiles. After adjusting for the potentially mediating effects of body mass index, SES trends remained significant for both outcomes. After adjusting for both body mass index and race/ethnicity, the association with SES remained substantial for pubertal onset but was much diminished and nonsignificant for tempo and thus age at menarche. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a lower SES environment and social adversity affect the age at menarche primarily by hastening pubertal onset rather than by shortening tempo.
PURPOSE: The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and menarche has implications for understanding social level influences on early life development and adult disease, including breast cancer, but remains ill defined. We report here results from the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, which permitted a longitudinal study of age at menarche in relationship to childhood SES in a diverse cohort of 1,069 girls across three urban areas of the United States. METHODS: We assessed the association of SES index quintiles with age at pubertal onset with breast budding and subsequent tempo to the age at menarche between 2004 and 2015 using multiple-event Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In an unadjusted model, lower SES was predictive of both earlier pubertal onset and tempo and thus earlier age at menarche in trends across quintiles. After adjusting for the potentially mediating effects of body mass index, SES trends remained significant for both outcomes. After adjusting for both body mass index and race/ethnicity, the association with SES remained substantial for pubertal onset but was much diminished and nonsignificant for tempo and thus age at menarche. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a lower SES environment and social adversity affect the age at menarche primarily by hastening pubertal onset rather than by shortening tempo.
Authors: Robert A Hiatt; Susan L Stewart; Kristin S Hoeft; Lawrence H Kushi; Gayle C Windham; Frank M Biro; Susan M Pinney; Mary S Wolff; Susan L Teitelbaum; Dejana Braithwaite Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2017-09-22 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Frank M Biro; Ashley Pajak; Mary S Wolff; Susan M Pinney; Gayle C Windham; Maida P Galvez; Louise C Greenspan; Larry H Kushi; Susan L Teitelbaum Journal: J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol Date: 2018-05-24 Impact factor: 1.814
Authors: Stephanie A Robert; Indiana Strombom; Amy Trentham-Dietz; John M Hampton; Jane A McElroy; Polly A Newcomb; Patrick L Remington Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2004-07 Impact factor: 4.822
Authors: Gayle C Windham; Susan M Pinney; Robert W Voss; Andreas Sjödin; Frank M Biro; Louise C Greenspan; Susan Stewart; Robert A Hiatt; Lawrence H Kushi Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2015-05-08 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Frank M Biro; Suzanne S Summer; Bin Huang; Chen Chen; Janie Benoit; Susan M Pinney Journal: J Adolesc Health Date: 2021-11-24 Impact factor: 5.012