A M Dismer1, M Charles2, N Dear2, J M Louis-Jean3, N Barthelemy4, M Richard3, W Morose3, D L Fitter2. 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA. 2. CDC, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. 3. Programme National de Lutte contre la Tuberculose, Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. 4. Directorate of Epidemiology, Laboratory, and Research, Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Haiti has the highest incidence rate of TB in the Western Hemisphere, with an estimated 170 cases per 100,000 in 2019. Since 2010, control efforts have focused on targeted case-finding activities in urban areas, implementation of rapid molecular diagnostics at high-volume TB centers, and improved reporting. TB analyses are rarely focused on lower geographic units; thus, the major goal was to determine if there were focal areas of TB transmission from 2011 to 2016 at operational geographic levels useful for the National TB Control Program (PNLT). METHODS: We created a geocoder to locate TB cases at the smallest geographic level. Kulldorff's space-time permutation scan, Anselin Moran's I, and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were used to determine the spatial distribution and clusters of TB. RESULTS: With 91% of cases linked using the geocoder, TB clusters were identified each year. Getis-Ord Gi* analysis revealed 14 distinct spatial clusters of high incidences in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. One hundred retrospective space-time clusters were detected. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the presence of TB hotspots in the Ouest département, with most clusters in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. Results will help the PNLT and its partners better design case-finding strategies for these areas.
BACKGROUND: Haiti has the highest incidence rate of TB in the Western Hemisphere, with an estimated 170 cases per 100,000 in 2019. Since 2010, control efforts have focused on targeted case-finding activities in urban areas, implementation of rapid molecular diagnostics at high-volume TB centers, and improved reporting. TB analyses are rarely focused on lower geographic units; thus, the major goal was to determine if there were focal areas of TB transmission from 2011 to 2016 at operational geographic levels useful for the National TB Control Program (PNLT). METHODS: We created a geocoder to locate TB cases at the smallest geographic level. Kulldorff's space-time permutation scan, Anselin Moran's I, and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were used to determine the spatial distribution and clusters of TB. RESULTS: With 91% of cases linked using the geocoder, TB clusters were identified each year. Getis-Ord Gi* analysis revealed 14 distinct spatial clusters of high incidences in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. One hundred retrospective space-time clusters were detected. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the presence of TB hotspots in the Ouest département, with most clusters in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. Results will help the PNLT and its partners better design case-finding strategies for these areas.
Authors: David Roth; Michael Otterstatter; Jason Wong; Victoria Cook; James Johnston; Sunny Mak Journal: Soc Sci Med Date: 2016-06-28 Impact factor: 4.634
Authors: V R Rivera; M-A Jean-Juste; S C Gluck; H T Reeder; J Sainristil; P Julma; M Peck; P Joseph; O Ocheretina; C Perodin; R Secours; M Duran-Mendicuti; L Hashiguchi; P Y Cremieux; S P Koenig; J W Pape Journal: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis Date: 2017-11-01 Impact factor: 2.373
Authors: N Puttkammer; J G Baseman; E B Devine; J S Valles; N Hyppolite; F Garilus; J G Honoré; A I Matheson; S Zeliadt; K Yuhas; K Sherr; J R Cadet; G Zamor; E Pierre; S Barnhart Journal: Int J Med Inform Date: 2015-11-17 Impact factor: 4.046
Authors: Serena P Koenig; Vanessa Rouzier; Stalz Charles Vilbrun; Willy Morose; Sean E Collins; Patrice Joseph; Diessy Decome; Oksana Ocheretina; Stanislas Galbaud; Lauren Hashiguchi; Julma Pierrot; Jean William Pape Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2015-05-01 Impact factor: 9.408
Authors: Desmond Kuupiel; Kwame M Adu; Felix Apiribu; Vitalis Bawontuo; Duncan A Adogboba; Kwasi T Ali; Tivani P Mashamba-Thompson Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2019-06-10 Impact factor: 3.295
Authors: Guesly J Delva; Ingrid Francois; Cassidy W Claassen; Darwin Dorestan; Barbara Bastien; Sandra Medina-Moreno; Dumesle St Fort; Robert R Redfield; Ulrike K Buchwald Journal: Tuberc Res Treat Date: 2016-09-05
Authors: Debebe Shaweno; Malancha Karmakar; Kefyalew Addis Alene; Romain Ragonnet; Archie Ca Clements; James M Trauer; Justin T Denholm; Emma S McBryde Journal: BMC Med Date: 2018-10-18 Impact factor: 8.775