Markus H Flynn1, Angelique G Brellenthin2, Jacob D Meyer1, Carolyn E Cutrona3, Duck-Chul Lee1. 1. Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. 2. Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Electronic address: abrellen@iastate.edu. 3. Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effect of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and major depressive disorder (MDD) in African Americans. METHODS: 645 African Americans (mean age 45 years) were interviewed on their perceived racial discrimination, PA, and past 12-month MDD. Participants were categorized into tertiles (lower, middle, upper) of racial discrimination as well as "active" or "inactive" groups based on the US PA guidelines. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for MDD prevalence across discrimination tertiles stratified by PA group after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The upper (higher) discrimination group had 2.99 (95% CIs 1.03-8.67) increased odds of MDD compared with the lower group after adjusting for potential confounders. The stratified analysis indicated that the increased odds of MDD in the upper discrimination group were observed only among the inactive group (5.19 [1.08-24.87]) after adjusting for age and sex. The association between discrimination and MDD was not significant among active participants. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include generalizability since participants were predominantly women and recruited solely from Iowa or Georgia; the low number of MDD cases in some groups; and that causation cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSION: Not meeting the PA guidelines may be associated with higher depression among African Americans experiencing higher levels of perceived racial discrimination.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the effect of physical activity (PA) on the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and major depressive disorder (MDD) in African Americans. METHODS: 645 African Americans (mean age 45 years) were interviewed on their perceived racial discrimination, PA, and past 12-month MDD. Participants were categorized into tertiles (lower, middle, upper) of racial discrimination as well as "active" or "inactive" groups based on the US PA guidelines. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for MDD prevalence across discrimination tertiles stratified by PA group after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The upper (higher) discrimination group had 2.99 (95% CIs 1.03-8.67) increased odds of MDD compared with the lower group after adjusting for potential confounders. The stratified analysis indicated that the increased odds of MDD in the upper discrimination group were observed only among the inactive group (5.19 [1.08-24.87]) after adjusting for age and sex. The association between discrimination and MDD was not significant among active participants. LIMITATIONS: Limitations include generalizability since participants were predominantly women and recruited solely from Iowa or Georgia; the low number of MDD cases in some groups; and that causation cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSION: Not meeting the PA guidelines may be associated with higher depression among African Americans experiencing higher levels of perceived racial discrimination.
Authors: Barbara E Ainsworth; William L Haskell; Stephen D Herrmann; Nathanael Meckes; David R Bassett; Catrine Tudor-Locke; Jennifer L Greer; Jesse Vezina; Melicia C Whitt-Glover; Arthur S Leon Journal: Med Sci Sports Exerc Date: 2011-08 Impact factor: 5.411
Authors: Addie Weaver; Joseph A Himle; Robert Joseph Taylor; Niki N Matusko; Jamie M Abelson Journal: JAMA Psychiatry Date: 2015-06 Impact factor: 21.596
Authors: Carolyn E Cutrona; Daniel W Russell; P Adama Brown; Lee Anna Clark; Robert M Hessling; Kelli A Gardner Journal: J Abnorm Psychol Date: 2005-02
Authors: Felipe B Schuch; Davy Vancampfort; Justin Richards; Simon Rosenbaum; Philip B Ward; Brendon Stubbs Journal: J Psychiatr Res Date: 2016-03-04 Impact factor: 4.791
Authors: James A Blumenthal; Michael A Babyak; P Murali Doraiswamy; Lana Watkins; Benson M Hoffman; Krista A Barbour; Steve Herman; W Edward Craighead; Alisha L Brosse; Robert Waugh; Alan Hinderliter; Andrew Sherwood Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2007-09-10 Impact factor: 4.312