Michi Omori1, Nahoko Kato-Kogoe2, Shoichi Sakaguchi3, Kuniyasu Kamiya4, Nozomu Fukui1, Yan-Hong Gu4, Shota Nakamura5, Takashi Nakano3, Masaaki Hoshiga6, Akihisa Imagawa7, Chee Hoe Kit8, Junko Tamaki4, Takaaki Ueno1. 1. Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi. Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan. 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi. Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan. nahoko.kogoe@ompu.ac.jp. 3. Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan. 4. Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan. 5. Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. 6. Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan. 7. Department of Internal Medicine (I), Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan. 8. Periodontics Unit, Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The importance of oral health in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is widely recognized; however, oral microbiota characteristics associated with T2DM in the elderly population are not well-understood. This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the salivary microbiota in elderly Japanese patients with T2DM. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected from 42 elderly Japanese patients with T2DM and 42 age- and sex-matched subjects without T2DM (control). 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic analysis and comparative analysis of both groups were performed. Random forest classification by machine learning was performed to discriminate between the salivary microbiota in the two groups. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the overall salivary microbiota structure between the T2DM and control groups (beta diversity; unweighted UniFrac distances, p = 0.001; weighted UniFrac distances, p = 0.001). The phylum Firmicutes was abundant in patients with T2DM, whereas the phylum Bacteroidetes was abundant in controls. The T2DM prediction model by random forest based on salivary microbiota data was verified with a high predictive potential in five cross-validation tests (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.938 (95% CI, 0.824-1.000)). CONCLUSION: Characterization revealed that the salivary microbiota profile of the elderly patients with T2DM is significantly distinct from that of the controls. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data indicate the necessity of oral health management based on the characteristics of the salivary microbiota in elderly patients with T2DM. Our findings will contribute to future research on the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods for this purpose.
OBJECTIVE: The importance of oral health in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is widely recognized; however, oral microbiota characteristics associated with T2DM in the elderly population are not well-understood. This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the salivary microbiota in elderly Japanese patients with T2DM. METHODS: Saliva samples were collected from 42 elderly Japanese patients with T2DM and 42 age- and sex-matched subjects without T2DM (control). 16S ribosomal RNA metagenomic analysis and comparative analysis of both groups were performed. Random forest classification by machine learning was performed to discriminate between the salivary microbiota in the two groups. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the overall salivary microbiota structure between the T2DM and control groups (beta diversity; unweighted UniFrac distances, p = 0.001; weighted UniFrac distances, p = 0.001). The phylum Firmicutes was abundant in patients with T2DM, whereas the phylum Bacteroidetes was abundant in controls. The T2DM prediction model by random forest based on salivary microbiota data was verified with a high predictive potential in five cross-validation tests (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.938 (95% CI, 0.824-1.000)). CONCLUSION: Characterization revealed that the salivary microbiota profile of the elderly patients with T2DM is significantly distinct from that of the controls. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These data indicate the necessity of oral health management based on the characteristics of the salivary microbiota in elderly patients with T2DM. Our findings will contribute to future research on the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods for this purpose.
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