Clara Li1, Xiaoyi Zeng1, Judith Neugroschl1, Amy Aloysi1, Carolyn W Zhu1,2,3, Mengfei Xu1, Jeanne A Teresi3,4,5, Katja Ocepek-Welikson4, Mildred Ramirez3,4, Andrew Joseph6, Dongming Cai1,2, Hillel Grossman1,2, Jane Martin1, Margaret Sewell1, Maria Loizos1, Mary Sano1,2. 1. Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. 2. James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. 3. Mount Sinai Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. 4. Research Division, The Hebrew Home at Riverdale, Riverdale, NY, USA. 5. Columbia University Stroud Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA. 6. Department of Linguistics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study describes the performance of the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) by Chinese American older adults who are monolingual Chinese speakers. An attempt was also made to identify items that could introduce bias and warrant attention in future investigation. METHODS: The MINT was administered to 67 monolingual Chinese older adults as part of the standard dementia evaluation at the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, USA. A diagnosis of normal cognition (n = 38), mild cognitive impairment (n = 12), and dementia (n = 17) was assigned to all participants at clinical consensus conferences using criterion sheets developed at the ADRC at ISMMS. RESULTS: MINT scores were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with education, showing sensitivity to demographic factors. One item, butterfly, showed no variations in responses across diagnostic groups. Inclusion of responses from different regions of China changed the answers from "incorrect" to "correct" on 20 items. The last five items, porthole, anvil, mortar, pestle, and axle, yielded a high nonresponse rate, with more than 70% of participants responding with "I don't know." Four items, funnel, witch, seesaw, and wig, were not ordered with respect to item difficulty in the Chinese language. Two items, gauge and witch, were identified as culturally biased for the monolingual group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the cultural and linguistic differences that might influence the test performance. Future studies are needed to revise the MINT using more universally recognized items of similar word frequency across different cultural and linguistic groups.
OBJECTIVES: This study describes the performance of the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) by Chinese American older adults who are monolingual Chinese speakers. An attempt was also made to identify items that could introduce bias and warrant attention in future investigation. METHODS: The MINT was administered to 67 monolingual Chinese older adults as part of the standard dementia evaluation at the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), New York, USA. A diagnosis of normal cognition (n = 38), mild cognitive impairment (n = 12), and dementia (n = 17) was assigned to all participants at clinical consensus conferences using criterion sheets developed at the ADRC at ISMMS. RESULTS: MINT scores were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with education, showing sensitivity to demographic factors. One item, butterfly, showed no variations in responses across diagnostic groups. Inclusion of responses from different regions of China changed the answers from "incorrect" to "correct" on 20 items. The last five items, porthole, anvil, mortar, pestle, and axle, yielded a high nonresponse rate, with more than 70% of participants responding with "I don't know." Four items, funnel, witch, seesaw, and wig, were not ordered with respect to item difficulty in the Chinese language. Two items, gauge and witch, were identified as culturally biased for the monolingual group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the cultural and linguistic differences that might influence the test performance. Future studies are needed to revise the MINT using more universally recognized items of similar word frequency across different cultural and linguistic groups.
Entities:
Keywords:
Chinese American older adults; Chinese monolinguals; Dementia; Language impairment; Mild cognitive impairment; Naming deficits; Normal aging
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