| Literature DB >> 34120432 |
Yongjuan Lin1, Tingting Yu1, Huiying Li1, Zhenyu Yin1, Aibin Guo1.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tumor markers (TM) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are useful for diagnosing leptomeningeal metastasis (LM). It has not been fully exploited the diagnostic possibilities of the CSF levels since the basic fact that the TM concentration of CSF depends strongly upon the serum levels as well as upon the condition of the blood brain barrier (BBB). To analyze the intrathecal TM synthesis and evaluate the integrity of BBB can be helpful for the definitive diagnosis of LM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further explore the clinical value of intrathecal TM synthesis and BBB in the diagnosis for the lung cancer patients with LM.Entities:
Keywords: Blood brain barrier; Cerebrospinal fluid; Intrathecal synthesis; Leptomeningeal Metastasis; Lung neoplasms; Tumor markers
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2021 PMID: 34120432 PMCID: PMC8387648 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2021.104.08
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi ISSN: 1009-3419
图 1研究筛选流程图
Study subjects. LM: leptomeningeal metastasis; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid.
一般资料
Baseline characteristics
| Category | LM ( | NMNDs ( |
|
| *post leptomeningeal metastasis; KPS: Karnofsky performance status; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NMNDs: nonmalignant neurological diseases; LM: leptomeningeal metastasis. | |||
| Gender (Male/Female) | 8/17 | 32/25 | 0.519 |
| Age (Range, yr) | 52.04 (39-62) | 45.91 (36-71) | 0.591 |
| History of smoking | 0.696 | ||
| Previous or current smoking | 7 | 19 | |
| No smoking | 18 | 38 | |
| Mean KPS (Range)* | 68.7 (30-90) | 71.3 (40-90) | 0.105 |
| < 70 | 9 | 21 | |
| ≥70 | 16 | 36 | |
| Clinical symptoms | |||
| Headache/Nausea/Vomiting | 15 | 021 | 0.549 |
| Focal limb weakness | 14 | 12 | 0.732 |
| Cranial nerve abnormalities | 10 | 9 | 0.824 |
| Back pain | 3 | 1 | 0.196 |
| Urine incontinence | 4 | 0 | 0.115 |
| Seizure | 7 | 18 | 0.226 |
| Intracranial hypertension (> 180 cmH2O) | 16 | 48 | 0.413 |
| MRI abnormalities | 16 | 28 | 0.226 |
LM组患者临床资料
The clinical characteristics of LM patients
| Case | Combined with BM | Times from diagnosis* (yr) | Neurological symptoms | MRI abnormalities | OS after LM (mon) | ||
| Patients | Age | Sex | |||||
| *LM after initial diagnosis of lung cancer; F: female; M: fale; BM: brain metastasis; OS: overall survival; CES: cauda equina syndrome. | |||||||
| 1 | 56 | F | Yes | > 3 | Neck stiffness; back pain; CES | Yes | 19.0 |
| 2 | 39 | M | No | 0-3 | Headache; nausea; vomiting; hearing loss | Yes | 9.0 |
| 3 | 41 | F | Yes | 0-3 | Headache; limb weakness; CES | No | 10.5 |
| 4 | 49 | F | Yes | 0-3 | Headache; limb weakness; bucking | Yes | 5.5 |
| 5 | 62 | M | Yes | > 3 | Ataxia; limb weakness | Yes | 11.5 |
| 6 | 50 | F | No | - | CES; memory decline | Yes | 6.5 |
| 7 | 54 | F | No | > 3 | Hemiplegia; optic paralysis; bluntness | Yes | 4.0 |
| 8 | 47 | F | No | 0-3 | Headache; limb weakness | Yes | 3.3 |
| 9 | 60 | F | Yes | > 3 | Headache; seizure; limb weakness | Yes | 4.5 |
| 10 | 44 | M | Yes | - | Bluntness; lethargy; seizure | Yes | 7.5 |
| 11 | 55 | F | No | 0-3 | Neck stiffness; back pain | Yes | 6.0 |
| 12 | 51 | F | Yes | 0-3 | Hemiplegia; headache; bluntness; seizure | Yes | 7.0 |
| 13 | 58 | M | Yes | > 3 | Headache; bluntness; limb weakness | No | 7.8 |
| 14 | 57 | F | Yes | 0-3 | Headache; nausea; seizure; diplopia | Yes | 6.3 |
| 15 | 50 | F | Yes | 0-3 | Headache; memory decline; limb weakness | Yes | 9.2 |
| 16 | 53 | M | No | > 3 | Headache; seizure; limb weakness | Yes | - |
| 17 | 55 | F | Yes | 0-3 | Headache; nausea; limb weakness; seizure | No | - |
| 18 | 57 | F | Yes | > 3 | Headache; hemiplegia; bluntness; diplopia | Yes | - |
| 19 | 43 | M | Yes | > 3 | Headache; seizure; bluntness; diplopia | Yes | - |
| 20 | 60 | F | No | > 3 | Headache; bluntness; limb weakness | Yes | - |
| 21 | 49 | F | Yes | 0-3 | Limited vision; limb weakness | No | - |
| 22 | 51 | M | Yes | > 3 | Headache; back pain | Yes | - |
| 23 | 58 | F | No | 0-3 | Bucking; CES | Yes | - |
| 24 | 47 | F | Yes | > 3 | Speech disorder; headache | Yes | - |
| 25 | 61 | M | Yes | 0-3 | Headache; hearing loss | No | - |
图 2两组CSF中白细胞计数、葡萄糖水平、颅内压(80 cmH2O-180 cmH2O)和白蛋白商值对比
The comparison of white blood cell count, glucose, intracranial pressure(80 cmH2O-180 cmH2O) and quotient of albumin in CSF between two groups
LM患者CSF中葡萄糖、QA、白细胞计数、肿瘤细胞水平
The levels of glucose, QA, white blood cells and tumor cells in CSF for LM patients
| Patient | CSF glucose (mmol/L) | QA (×10-3) | White blood cell count (×106/L) | Tumor cells (×106/L) |
| CSF: cerebrospinal fluid. | ||||
| 1 | 4.88 | 12.77 | 12 | 4.0 |
| 2 | 5.13 | 26.00 | 3 | 0 |
| 3 | 1.89 | 13.41 | 4 | 0 |
| 4 | 4.19 | 28.44 | 15 | 0 |
| 5 | 4.95 | 22.00 | 6 | 4.0 |
| 6 | 5.29 | 13.85 | 31 | 17.0 |
| 7 | 4.46 | 25.00 | 8 | 3.0 |
| 8 | 4.99 | 54.00 | 13 | 25.0 |
| 9 | 2.03 | 10.30 | 3 | 0 |
| 10 | 4.98 | 26.50 | 17 | 0 |
| 11 | 4.09 | 23.00 | 12 | 5.0 |
| 12 | 4.67 | 24.02 | 11 | 3.0 |
| 13 | 1.01 | 27.47 | 21 | 20.0 |
| 14 | 4.86 | 13.11 | 19 | 4.0 |
| 15 | 3.59 | 11.53 | 17 | 0.6 |
| 16 | 5.09 | 59.00 | 4 | 30.0 |
| 17 | 2.58 | 25.00 | 22 | 0 |
| 18 | 3.78 | 21.00 | 9 | 0 |
| 19 | 4.89 | 23.00 | 41 | 5.0 |
| 20 | 1.95 | 25.00 | 9 | 7.0 |
| 21 | 2.45 | 10.10 | 38 | 0 |
| 22 | 4.23 | 13.20 | 23 | 0 |
| 23 | 5.90 | 11.20 | 39 | 0 |
| 24 | 5.10 | 9.10 | 49 | 8.0 |
| 25 | 2.67 | 6.80 | 52 | 4.0 |
图 3两组QA和Q TM对比(*P < 0.05)
The comparison of QA and Q TM between two groups (*P < 0.05)
LM组患者鞘内合成TM(浓度和百分比)
TM intrathecal synthesis in LM patients (concentration and percentage)
| Patients | CEAIS | CA125IS | CYFRA-21IS | NSEIS | ||||||||
| ng/mL | % | U/mL | % | ng/mL | % | ng/mL | % | |||||
| IS: Intrathecal synthesis; CEA: carbohydrate antigen; CA125: carbohydrate antigen125; CYFRA-21: cytokeratin 19 fragments; NSE: neurone specific enolase. | ||||||||||||
| 1 | 15.17 | 76.22 | 98.1 | 99.29 | 4.55 | 97.2 | 48.1 | 99.53 | ||||
| 2 | 3.16 | 86.04 | 2 | 90.84 | 4.22 | 98.40 | 13.73 | 94.73 | ||||
| 3 | 1.35 | 98.20 | 2 | 98.93 | 6.75 | 97.42 | 7.53 | 98.85 | ||||
| 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.77 | 79.24 | 2.81 | 88.55 | ||||
| 5 | 65.1 | 99.98 | 56.2 | 99.92 | 4.2 | 99.45 | 15.1 | 99.27 | ||||
| 6 | 341 | 98.60 | 12.7 | 98.75 | 0 | 0 | 13.66 | 98.75 | ||||
| 7 | 781.74 | 99.48 | 367.6 | 99.61 | 129.8 | 99.95 | 33.17 | 98.42 | ||||
| 8 | 1.54 | 95.04 | 116.6 | 82.67 | 3.05 | 96.60 | 15.91 | 96.36 | ||||
| 9 | 52.19 | 96.92 | 2 | 84.23 | 1.33 | 99.12 | 6.75 | 97.85 | ||||
| 10 | 161.3 | 99.60 | 480.2 | 98.65 | 5.33 | 98.98 | 16.56 | 98.58 | ||||
| 11 | 78.11 | 99.85 | 9.22 | 97.44 | 161.2 | 93.50 | 35.24 | 95.26 | ||||
| 12 | 320.12 | 99.98 | 4.11 | 99.36 | 9.75 | 95.45 | 14.53 | 98.71 | ||||
| 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.77 | 90.19 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 14 | 69.1 | 99.99 | 59.2 | 99.98 | 5.2 | 99.81 | 17.1 | 99.80 | ||||
| 15 | 398 | 98.95 | 14.7 | 98.91 | 2.78 | 98.91 | 16.66 | 99.04 | ||||
| 16 | 789.74 | 99.61 | 369.6 | 99.72 | 149.8 | 99.95 | 39.17 | 98.94 | ||||
| 17 | 0 | 0 | 117.6 | 84.73 | 5.05 | 96.95 | 16.91 | 96.49 | ||||
| 18 | 69.19 | 93.42 | 5.99 | 86.34 | 3.33 | 98.07 | 8.75 | 95.47 | ||||
| 19 | 178.4 | 99.03 | 489.2 | 96.65 | 8.33 | 97.84 | 18.56 | 96.62 | ||||
| 20 | 3.21 | 96.82 | 14 | 95.85 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 21 | 4.21 | 91.31 | 3.7 | 88.32 | 3.22 | 95.6 | 3.89 | 89.12 | ||||
| 22 | 5.24 | 88.34 | 0 | 0 | 4.12 | 97.2 | 2.66 | 90.21 | ||||
| 23 | 0 | 0 | 2.84 | 85.29 | 2.78 | 89.1 | 1.68 | 94.26 | ||||
| 24 | 2.44 | 82.34 | 3.18 | 92.11 | 5.26 | 88.9 | 1.06 | 93.22 | ||||
| 25 | 1.67 | 85.92 | 4.25 | 90.25 | 7.88 | 97.2 | 2.05 | 97.49 | ||||
LM组TM指数与CSF中TM检出率的一致性分析
The consistency analysis between TM index and the positive rates of CSF TM in LM group
| Item | PCR (%) | NCR (%) | Kappa |
| 95%CI |
| PCR: positive consistency rate; NCR: negative consistency rate. | |||||
| CEA | 88.9 | 18.2 | 0.065 | 0.212 | -0.220-0.351 |
| CA125 | 91.7 | 12.5 | 0.071 | 0.389 | -0.039-0.182 |
| CYFRA21-1 | 76.9 | 0 | 0.06 | 0.43 | -0.032-0.153 |
| NSE | 66.7 | 5.9 | 0.09 | 0.144 | -0.296-0.117 |
图 41例LM患者经Ommaya囊脑室内化疗过程中,鞘内合成CEA,CSF蛋白与血清蛋白比率以及CSF肿瘤细胞数的动态变化
Intrathecal synthesis CEA fraction (CEAlS), CSF/serum quotient of albumin (QA) and CSF tumor cells in a case of LM patients under intrathecal chemotherapy via Ommaya Reservoirs