| Literature DB >> 32517459 |
Yongjuan Lin1,2, Huiying Li2, Mingmin Huang2, Zhenyu Yin2, Jianqing Wu1.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is one of the most common causes of death in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is defined as malignant cells spreading to meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential. CSF cytology is the gold standard for LM diagnosis, however, it has a low sensitivity for diagnosis and can't be used to evaluate the treatment effect. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of serum and CSF tumor markers (TM) in the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with LM.Entities:
Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid; Diagnosis; Leptomeningeal metastasis; Lung neoplasms; Tumor markers
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2020 PMID: 32517459 PMCID: PMC7309546 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.103.09
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi ISSN: 1009-3419
LM组和NMNDs组患者临床特征比较
Clinical characteristics of the LM patients and NMNDs patients
| Category | LM | NMNDs | |
| *post leptomeningeal metastasis (LM); NMNDs: nonmalignant neurological diseases; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging. | |||
| Gendar (Male/Female) | 6/13 | 10/27 | 0.702 |
| Age (range, yr) | 51.3 (39-62) | 49.2 (38-69) | 0.530 |
| History of smoking | 0.806 | ||
| Previous or current smoking | 5 | 8 | |
| smoking | |||
| No smoking | 14 | 19 | |
| Mean KPS (range)* | 67.8 (30-90) | 70.3 (30-90) | 0.055 |
| < 70 | 9 | 9 | |
| ≥70 | 10 | 18 | |
| Clinical symptoms | |||
| Headache/Nausea/Vomiting | 13 | 21 | 0.513 |
| Focal limb weakness | 11 | 15 | 0.875 |
| Cranial nerve abnormalities | 6 | 9 | 0.901 |
| Back pain | 2 | 0 | 0.165 |
| Urine incontinence | 3 | 0 | 0.064 |
| Seizure | 5 | 3 | 0.246 |
| Intracranial hypertension (> 180 cmH2O) | 15 | 22 | 0.831 |
| MRI abnormalities | 13 | 26 | 0.089 |
NSCLC组、LM组、NMNDs组的血清、脑脊液TM浓度比较
The comparison of serum/CSF levels of TM in NSCLC group, LM group and NMNDs group
| Group | CEA (ng/mL) | CA125 (U/mL) | CYFRA21-1 (ng/mL) | NSE (ng/mL) | ||||||||
| Serum | CSF | Serum | CSF | Serum | CSF | Serum | CSF | |||||
| NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; TM: tumor markers; CEA: carbohydrate antigen; CA125: carbohydrate antigen-125; CYFRA21: cytokeratin 19 fragments; NSE: neurone specific enolase. | ||||||||||||
| NSCLC | 2258 | 72.2±351.1 | - | 155.1±200.1 | - | 9.2±38.2 | - | 22.89±42.62 | - | |||
| LM | 19 | 93.8±122.9 | 207.1±259.1 | 152.2±198.2 | 201.1±182.1 | 10.6±23.9 | 30.8±57.9 | 13.1±3.6 | 17.1±10.5 | |||
| NMNDs | 27 | 2.1±1.3 | 3.2±2.1 | 10.3±7.4 | 9.8±7.9 | 1.7±0.8 | 1.2±1.1 | 4.8±4.3 | 5.65±4.6 | |||
1LM组与NMNDs组CSF及血清中四种TM的浓度比较(P < 0.05)。A: CEA;B: CA125;C: CYFRA21-1;D: NSE。
The comparison of the concentration of four TM between LM group and NMNDs group (P < 0.05). A: CEA; B: CA125; C: CYFRA21-1; D: NSE.
CSF中TM检测对LM辅助诊断的相关指标比较(%)
The comparison of four TM in CSF as an indicator for diagnosis of LM (%)
| TM | Sensitivity | Specificity | Positive predictive value | Negative predictive value |
| *The positive of combination was identified if concentration of any marker was positive; the negative of combination was identified if concentration of all markers was negative; #The negative of combination was identified if concentration of any marker was negative; the positive of combination was identified if concentration of all markers was positive; CYF: CYFRA21-1. | ||||
| CEA | 85.0% | 92.3% | 89.5% | 88.9% |
| CA125 | 77.8% | 85.1% | 73.7% | 82.1% |
| CYFRA21-1 | 88.2% | 86.2% | 78.9% | 92.6% |
| NSE | 84.2% | 88.9% | 84.2% | 88.9% |
| CEA+CA125* | 94.7% | 74.1% | 72.0% | 95.2% |
| CEA+CYF* | 100.0% | 70.4% | 70.4% | 100.0% |
| CEA+NSE* | 100.0% | 74.1% | 73.1% | 100.0% |
| CA125+CYF* | 89.5% | 70.4% | 68.0% | 90.5% |
| CA125+NSE* | 89.5% | 74.5% | 70.8% | 90.9% |
| CYF+NSE* | 94.7% | 74.1% | 72.0% | 95.2% |
| CEA+CA125+CYF* | 100.0% | 59.3% | 63.3% | 100.0% |
| CEA+CA125+NSE* | 100.0% | 63.0% | 65.5% | 100.0% |
| CEA+CYF+NSE* | 100.0% | 59.3% | 63.3% | 100.0% |
| CA125+CYF+NSE* | 94.7% | 59.3% | 62.1% | 94.1% |
| Four TM* | 100.0% | 48.1% | 57.6% | 100.0% |
| CEA+CA125# | 63.2% | 96.3% | 92.3% | 78.8% |
| CEA+CYF# | 73.7% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 84.4% |
| CEA+NSE# | 68.4% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 81.8% |
| CA125+CYF# | 73.7% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 84.4% |
| CA125+NSE# | 68.4% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 81.8% |
| CYF+NSE# | 78.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 87.1% |
| CEA+CA125+CYF# | 63.2% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 79.4% |
| CEA+CA125+NSE# | 57.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 77.1% |
| CEA+CYF+NSE# | 63.2% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 79.4% |
| CA125+CYF+NSE# | 68.4% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 81.8% |
| Four TM# | 57.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% | 77.1% |
2LM组不同人群中脑脊液和血清的TM检测阳性率的比较。A:脑脊液细胞学阳性人群与磁共振异常人群CEA的阳性率;B:脑脊液细胞学阳性人群与磁共振异常人群CA125的阳性率;C:脑脊液细胞学阳性人群与磁共振异常人群CYFRA21-1的阳性率;D:脑脊液细胞学阳性人群与磁共振异常人群NSE的阳性率。CSF(+):脑脊液细胞学阳性人群。CSF(-):脑脊液细胞学阴性人群。MRI(+):磁共振异常人群。MRI(-):磁共振无异常人群。
The detection rates of four TM in CSF and Serum in different populations of LM groups. A: The detection rates of CEA between CSF(+) and MRI(+); B: The detection rates of CA125 between CSF(+) and MRI(+); C: The detection rates of CYFRA21-1 between CSF(+) and MRI(+); D: The detection rates of NSE between CSF(+) and MRI(+). CSF(+): Patients with malignant tumor cells in CSF. CSF(-): Patients with no malignant tumor cells in CSF. MRI(+): Patients with abnormal MRI finds; MRI(-): Patients with normal MRI finds.
四种TM的Kappa一致性分析
Kappa consistency analysis of four TM
| Detection of TM | PCR (%) | NCR (%) | Kappa | P | 95%CI |
| PCR: Positive consistency rate; NCR: Negative consistency rate. | |||||
| CEA | 66.7 | 28.6 | 0.038 | 0.865 | -0.403-0.479 |
| CA125 | 77.8 | 80.0 | 0.578 | 0.012 | 0.210-0.945 |
| CYFRA21-1 | 66.7 | 40.0 | 0.066 | 0.746 | -0.360-0.491 |
| NSE | 83.3 | 38.5 | 0.163 | 0.342 | -0.153-0.485 |
经腰椎穿刺和脑室引流脑脊液对比
Comparison of assay results in CSF obtained from lumbar puncture and ventricular
| Lumber CSF ( | Ventricular CSF ( | |||||
| Mean | Median (SD) | Mean | Median (SD) | |||
| WBC: white blood cells. | ||||||
| WBC (×106/L) | 21.5 | 20.0 (12.5) | 19.5 | 18.0 (13.7) | ||
| Lymphocyte (×106/L) | 16.1 | 13.0 (10.2) | 13.2 | 10.9 (10.6) | ||
| Neutrophil (×106/L) | 5.53 | 3.0 (5.3) | 6.3 | 3.0 (6.5) | ||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 1.9 | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.8 | 1.2 (1.3) | ||
| Protein (g/L) | 1.62 | 1.1 (1.3) | 1.7 | 0.9 (1.6) | ||
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 118.4 | 118.9 (6.0) | 117.6 | 117.2 (5.5) | ||
| CEA (ng/mL) | 175.4 | 69.1 (248.1) | 136.5 | 52.2 (237.1) | ||
| CA125 (U/mL) | 116.5 | 14.7 (171.3) | 104.5 | 12.7 (165.1) | ||
| CYFCA21-1 (ng/mL) | 26.8 | 4.6 (53.8) | 29.4 | 4.2 (57.9) | ||
| NSE (ng/mL) | 18.1 | 15.9 (12.3) | 18.9 | 15.1 (13.9) | ||
32例患者经Ommaya囊鞘内化疗前取脑脊液/血清监测肿瘤指标的动态变化。病例1(A和B);病例2(C和D)。A:病例1的CSF中CEA水平高于血清,随着鞘内治疗有效CSF中CEA下降,最终血清CEA升高提示全身性(非中枢神经系统)复发;B:病例1的CSF和血清CA125差异不大,随着疾病进展CSF中CA125未见升高,血清CA125明显升高提示颅外进展;C:病例2诊断LM时CSF中CEA升高,而血清CEA基本正常,随着LM进展,CSF和血清中CEA水平明显增加,直到死亡之前CSF水平总是高于血清;D:随着LM进展,病例2血清和CSF中CYFRA21-1水平逐渐增加,直到死亡之前CSF水平总是高于血清。Imp:改善;Rel:复发。
CSF and serum TM levels were determined prior to each intrathecal chemotherapy via Ommaya reservoirs in 2 LM patients. Patient 1 (A-B) and Patient 2 (C-D). A: The CSF CEA levels were higher than the serum in patient 1, but with successful intrathecal chemotherapy, CEA levels decreased in CSF, while they increased in serum, heralding extrathecal lesions relapse; B: The CSF and serum levels of CA125 were not significantly different in patient 1. With the progression of the disease, CSF CA125 levels did not increase, while serum CA125 levels significantly increased, suggesting extracranial progression; C: The CSF CEA levels were increased at diagnosis of LM, while serum CEA levels were normal. Then both CSF and serum CEA levels increased over time due to the progression of LM, with CSF CEA levels persistently being higher than in serum until death; D: With the progession of LM, both the serum and CSF levels of CYFRA 21-1 gradually increased, meanwhile the levels of CYFRA21-1 in CSF were continuously higher than in serum until death. Imp: Improvement; Rel: Relapse.