Jonathan Y Bernard1,2, Falk Müller-Riemenschneider3,4, Natarajan Padmapriya5,6, Mya-Thway Tint7,1, Suresh Anand Sadananthan1, Navin Michael1, Bozhi Chen3, Shirong Cai7,1, Jia Ying Toh1, Carla Lanca8, Kok Hian Tan9,10, Seang Mei Saw3,8,10, Lynette Pei-Chi Shek1,11,12, Yap Seng Chong7,1, Peter D Gluckman1,13, Yung Seng Lee1,11,12, Fabian Yap9,10,14, Marielle V Fortier9, Mary Foong-Fong Chong3,1, Keith M Godfrey15,16, Johan G Eriksson7,1,17,18, S Sendhil Velan1,19, Michael S Kramer7,20,21. 1. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. 2. Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France. 3. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 4. Berlin Institute of Health, Charite University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany. 5. Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. obgnp@nus.edu.sg. 6. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. obgnp@nus.edu.sg. 7. Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 8. Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore. 9. KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. 10. Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 11. Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 12. Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore. 13. Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. 14. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. 15. Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 16. NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. 17. Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. 18. Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 19. Institute for Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. 20. Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada. 21. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Screen viewing in adults has been associated with greater abdominal adiposity, with the magnitude of associations varying by sex and ethnicity, but the evidence is lacking at younger ages. We aimed to investigate sex- and ethnic-specific associations of screen-viewing time at ages 2 and 3 years with abdominal adiposity measured by magnetic resonance imaging at age 4.5 years. METHODS: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes is an ongoing prospective mother-offspring cohort study. Parents/caregivers reported the time their child spent viewing television, handheld devices, and computer screens at ages 2 and 3 years. Superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue volumes were quantified from magnetic resonance images acquired at age 4.5 years. Associations between screen-viewing time and abdominal adipose tissue volumes were examined by multivariable linear regression adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS: In the overall sample (n = 307), greater total screen-viewing time and handheld device times were associated with higher superficial and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes, but not with visceral adipose tissue volumes. Interactions with child sex were found, with significant associations with superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes in boys, but not in girls. Among boys, the increases in mean (95% CI) superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes were 24.3 (9.9, 38.7), 17.6 (7.4, 27.8), and 7.8 (2.1, 13.6) mL per hour increase in daily total screen-viewing time, respectively. Ethnicity-specific analyses showed associations of total screen-viewing time with abdominal adiposity only in Malay children. Television viewing time was not associated with abdominal adiposity. CONCLUSION: Greater total screen-viewing time (and in particular, handheld device viewing time) was associated with higher abdominal adiposity in boys and Malay children. Additional studies are necessary to confirm these associations and to examine screen-viewing interventions for preventing excessive abdominal adiposity and its adverse cardiometabolic consequences.
IMPORTANCE: Screen viewing in adults has been associated with greater abdominal adiposity, with the magnitude of associations varying by sex and ethnicity, but the evidence is lacking at younger ages. We aimed to investigate sex- and ethnic-specific associations of screen-viewing time at ages 2 and 3 years with abdominal adiposity measured by magnetic resonance imaging at age 4.5 years. METHODS: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes is an ongoing prospective mother-offspring cohort study. Parents/caregivers reported the time their child spent viewing television, handheld devices, and computer screens at ages 2 and 3 years. Superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral abdominal adipose tissue volumes were quantified from magnetic resonance images acquired at age 4.5 years. Associations between screen-viewing time and abdominal adipose tissue volumes were examined by multivariable linear regression adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS: In the overall sample (n = 307), greater total screen-viewing time and handheld device times were associated with higher superficial and deep subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes, but not with visceral adipose tissue volumes. Interactions with child sex were found, with significant associations with superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes in boys, but not in girls. Among boys, the increases in mean (95% CI) superficial and deep subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue volumes were 24.3 (9.9, 38.7), 17.6 (7.4, 27.8), and 7.8 (2.1, 13.6) mL per hour increase in daily total screen-viewing time, respectively. Ethnicity-specific analyses showed associations of total screen-viewing time with abdominal adiposity only in Malay children. Television viewing time was not associated with abdominal adiposity. CONCLUSION: Greater total screen-viewing time (and in particular, handheld device viewing time) was associated with higher abdominal adiposity in boys and Malay children. Additional studies are necessary to confirm these associations and to examine screen-viewing interventions for preventing excessive abdominal adiposity and its adverse cardiometabolic consequences.
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Authors: T Pischon; H Boeing; K Hoffmann; M Bergmann; M B Schulze; K Overvad; Y T van der Schouw; E Spencer; K G M Moons; A Tjønneland; J Halkjaer; M K Jensen; J Stegger; F Clavel-Chapelon; M-C Boutron-Ruault; V Chajes; J Linseisen; R Kaaks; A Trichopoulou; D Trichopoulos; C Bamia; S Sieri; D Palli; R Tumino; P Vineis; S Panico; P H M Peeters; A M May; H B Bueno-de-Mesquita; F J B van Duijnhoven; G Hallmans; L Weinehall; J Manjer; B Hedblad; E Lund; A Agudo; L Arriola; A Barricarte; C Navarro; C Martinez; J R Quirós; T Key; S Bingham; K T Khaw; P Boffetta; M Jenab; P Ferrari; E Riboli Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2008-11-13 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Mya Thway Tint; Marielle V Fortier; Keith M Godfrey; Borys Shuter; Jeevesh Kapur; Victor S Rajadurai; Pratibha Agarwal; Amutha Chinnadurai; Krishnamoorthy Niduvaje; Yiong-Huak Chan; Izzuddin Bin Mohd Aris; Shu-E Soh; Fabian Yap; Seang-Mei Saw; Michael S Kramer; Peter D Gluckman; Yap-Seng Chong; Yung-Seng Lee Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2016-04-06 Impact factor: 7.045