Misha P T Kaandorp1,2,3, Sebastiano Barbieri4, Remy Klaassen5, Hanneke W M van Laarhoven5, Hans Crezee1, Peter T While2,3, Aart J Nederveen1, Oliver J Gurney-Champion1. 1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 2. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. 3. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. 4. Centre for Big Data Research in Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia. 5. Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Earlier work showed that IVIM-NETorig , an unsupervised physics-informed deep neural network, was faster and more accurate than other state-of-the-art intravoxel-incoherent motion (IVIM) fitting approaches to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). This study presents a substantially improved version, IVIM-NEToptim , and characterizes its superior performance in pancreatic cancer patients. METHOD: In simulations (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR] = 20), the accuracy, independence, and consistency of IVIM-NET were evaluated for combinations of hyperparameters (fit S0, constraints, network architecture, number of hidden layers, dropout, batch normalization, learning rate), by calculating the normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE), Spearman's ρ, and the coefficient of variation (CVNET ), respectively. The best performing network, IVIM-NEToptim was compared to least squares (LS) and a Bayesian approach at different SNRs. IVIM-NEToptim 's performance was evaluated in an independent dataset of 23 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Fourteen of the patients received no treatment between two repeated scan sessions and nine received chemoradiotherapy between the repeated sessions. Intersession within-subject standard deviations (wSD) and treatment-induced changes were assessed. RESULTS: In simulations (SNR = 20), IVIM-NEToptim outperformed IVIM-NETorig in accuracy (NRMSE(D) = 0.177 vs 0.196; NMRSE(f) = 0.220 vs 0.267; NMRSE(D*) = 0.386 vs 0.393), independence (ρ(D*, f) = 0.22 vs 0.74), and consistency (CVNET (D) = 0.013 vs 0.104; CVNET (f) = 0.020 vs 0.054; CVNET (D*) = 0.036 vs 0.110). IVIM-NEToptim showed superior performance to the LS and Bayesian approaches at SNRs < 50. In vivo, IVIM-NEToptim showed significantly less noisy parameter maps with lower wSD for D and f than the alternatives. In the treated cohort, IVIM-NEToptim detected the most individual patients with significant parameter changes compared to day-to-day variations. CONCLUSION: IVIM-NEToptim is recommended for accurate, informative, and consistent IVIM fitting to DWI data.
PURPOSE: Earlier work showed that IVIM-NETorig , an unsupervised physics-informed deep neural network, was faster and more accurate than other state-of-the-art intravoxel-incoherent motion (IVIM) fitting approaches to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). This study presents a substantially improved version, IVIM-NEToptim , and characterizes its superior performance in pancreatic cancerpatients. METHOD: In simulations (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR] = 20), the accuracy, independence, and consistency of IVIM-NET were evaluated for combinations of hyperparameters (fit S0, constraints, network architecture, number of hidden layers, dropout, batch normalization, learning rate), by calculating the normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE), Spearman's ρ, and the coefficient of variation (CVNET ), respectively. The best performing network, IVIM-NEToptim was compared to least squares (LS) and a Bayesian approach at different SNRs. IVIM-NEToptim 's performance was evaluated in an independent dataset of 23 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Fourteen of the patients received no treatment between two repeated scan sessions and nine received chemoradiotherapy between the repeated sessions. Intersession within-subject standard deviations (wSD) and treatment-induced changes were assessed. RESULTS: In simulations (SNR = 20), IVIM-NEToptim outperformed IVIM-NETorig in accuracy (NRMSE(D) = 0.177 vs 0.196; NMRSE(f) = 0.220 vs 0.267; NMRSE(D*) = 0.386 vs 0.393), independence (ρ(D*, f) = 0.22 vs 0.74), and consistency (CVNET (D) = 0.013 vs 0.104; CVNET (f) = 0.020 vs 0.054; CVNET (D*) = 0.036 vs 0.110). IVIM-NEToptim showed superior performance to the LS and Bayesian approaches at SNRs < 50. In vivo, IVIM-NEToptim showed significantly less noisy parameter maps with lower wSD for D and f than the alternatives. In the treated cohort, IVIM-NEToptim detected the most individual patients with significant parameter changes compared to day-to-day variations. CONCLUSION:IVIM-NEToptim is recommended for accurate, informative, and consistent IVIM fitting to DWI data.
Authors: Rosie J Goodburn; Marielle E P Philippens; Thierry L Lefebvre; Aly Khalifa; Tom Bruijnen; Joshua N Freedman; David E J Waddington; Eyesha Younus; Eric Aliotta; Gabriele Meliadò; Teo Stanescu; Wajiha Bano; Ali Fatemi-Ardekani; Andreas Wetscherek; Uwe Oelfke; Nico van den Berg; Ralph P Mason; Petra J van Houdt; James M Balter; Oliver J Gurney-Champion Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2022-09-21 Impact factor: 3.737
Authors: Marian A Troelstra; Anne-Marieke Van Dijk; Julia J Witjes; Anne Linde Mak; Diona Zwirs; Jurgen H Runge; Joanne Verheij; Ulrich H Beuers; Max Nieuwdorp; Adriaan G Holleboom; Aart J Nederveen; Oliver J Gurney-Champion Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2022-09-06 Impact factor: 4.755