[Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system].

Autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be a diagnostic challenge despite advanced imaging techniques. Diagnostic errors can have fatal consequences (e. g. tumefactive lesions) as inappropriate treatment can exacerbate the symptoms of the patients. The aim of this article is to provide help in decision making for selected autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the CNS, in order not to fall into diagnostic traps. The primary focus is on lesions in the neurocranium as inflammatory diseases of the spinal cord were already extensively discussed in a previous article.