Peng Li1, Leigh Ford1, Shadabul Haque2, Mitchell P McInerney3, Hywel D Williams1, Peter J Scammells4, Philip E Thompson4, Vincent Jannin5, Christopher J H Porter6,7, Hassan Benameur8,9, Colin W Pouton10. 1. Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Lonza Global R&D, Melbourne, Australia. 2. Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. 3. Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. 4. Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. 5. Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Lonza Global R&D, Strasbourg, France. 6. Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. chris.porter@monash.edu. 7. ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. chris.porter@monash.edu. 8. Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. hassan.benameur@monash.edu. 9. Oral Drug Delivery Innovation, Lonza Global R&D, Strasbourg, France. hassan.benameur@monash.edu. 10. Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia. colin.pouton@monash.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Successful oral peptide delivery faces two major hurdles: low enzymatic stability in the gastro-intestinal lumen and poor intestinal membrane permeability. While lipid-based formulations (LBF) have the potential to overcome these barriers, effective formulation of peptides remains challenging. Lipophilic salt (LS) technology can increase the apparent lipophilicity of peptides, making them more suitable for LBF. METHODS: As a model therapeutic peptide, octreotide (OCT) was converted to the docusate LS (OCT.DoS2), and compared to the commercial acetate salt (OCT.OAc2) in oral absorption studies and related in vitro studies, including parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), Caco-2, in situ intestine perfusion, and simulated digestion in vitro models. The in vivo oral absorption of OCT.DoS2 and OCT.OAc2 formulated in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) was studied in rats. RESULTS: LS formulation improved the solubility and loading of OCT in LBF excipients and OCT.DoS2 in combination with SEDDS showed higher OCT absorption than the acetate comparator in the in vivo studies in rats. The Caco-2 and in situ intestine perfusion models indicated no increases in permeability for OCT.DoS2. However, the in vitro digestion studies showed reduced enzymatic degradation of OCT.DoS2 when formulated in the SEDDS formulations. Further in vitro dissociation and release studies suggest that the enhanced bioavailability of OCT from SEDDS-incorporating OCT.DoS2 is likely a result of higher partitioning into and prolonged retention within lipid colloid structures. CONCLUSION: The combination of LS and LBF enhanced the in vivo oral absorption of OCT primarily via the protective effect of LBF sheltering the peptide from gastrointestinal degradation.
PURPOSE: Successful oral peptide delivery faces two major hurdles: low enzymatic stability in the gastro-intestinal lumen and poor intestinal membrane permeability. While lipid-based formulations (LBF) have the potential to overcome these barriers, effective formulation of peptides remains challenging. Lipophilic salt (LS) technology can increase the apparent lipophilicity of peptides, making them more suitable for LBF. METHODS: As a model therapeutic peptide, octreotide (OCT) was converted to the docusate LS (OCT.DoS2), and compared to the commercial acetate salt (OCT.OAc2) in oral absorption studies and related in vitro studies, including parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), Caco-2, in situ intestine perfusion, and simulated digestion in vitro models. The in vivo oral absorption of OCT.DoS2 and OCT.OAc2 formulated in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) was studied in rats. RESULTS: LS formulation improved the solubility and loading of OCT in LBF excipients and OCT.DoS2 in combination with SEDDS showed higher OCT absorption than the acetate comparator in the in vivo studies in rats. The Caco-2 and in situ intestine perfusion models indicated no increases in permeability for OCT.DoS2. However, the in vitro digestion studies showed reduced enzymatic degradation of OCT.DoS2 when formulated in the SEDDS formulations. Further in vitro dissociation and release studies suggest that the enhanced bioavailability of OCT from SEDDS-incorporating OCT.DoS2 is likely a result of higher partitioning into and prolonged retention within lipid colloid structures. CONCLUSION: The combination of LS and LBF enhanced the in vivo oral absorption of OCT primarily via the protective effect of LBF sheltering the peptide from gastrointestinal degradation.
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