Jingyi Zhong1,2, Chenghui Zhong1,2, Lan Qiu1,2, Jiayi Li1,2, Jiayi Lai1,2, Wenfeng Lu1,2, Shuguang Wang1,2, Jiacai Zhong1,2, Jing Zhao1,2, Yun Zhou3,4. 1. State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. 2. School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. 3. State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. sarayunzhou@gmail.com. 4. School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China. sarayunzhou@gmail.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and an anxiety-provoking event. There are few studies to identify potential risk and protective factors related to anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We collected information on demographic data and lifestyles by a web-based survey of 19,802 participants from 34 provinces in China during COVID-19 pandemic. Level of anxiety was evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. We used ordinal multivariable logistic regression to estimate the associations of anxiety level with potential risk and protective factors. We further developed a new score to simplify the assessment of anxiety during COVID-19 crisis. RESULTS: Among 19,802 participants, we found that those who were front-line medical personnel, suffered from chronic disease, with present symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection or contact history had 112, 93, 40 and 15% increased risk of higher anxiety level; while those with knowledge about personal protective measures or wore masks had 75 and 29% lower risk of higher anxiety level respectively. We developed a risk score by calculating the sum of single score of 17 factors. Each one increase of the risk score was associated with a 297% increase in anxiety index score. In categorical analysis, low risk (the risk score between 1 to 2), the moderate risk group (the risk score of 3) and high risk group (the risk score ≥ 4) had - 0.40 (95% CI: - 1.55, 0.76), 1.44 (95% CI: 0.27, 2.61) and 9.18 (95% CI: 8.04, 10.33) increase in anxiety index score, and 26% (95% CI: - 7, 72%), 172% (95% CI: 100, 270%), and 733% (95% CI: 516, 1026%) higher risk of anxiety respectively, when compared with the very low risk group (the risk score of 0). The AUC was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.72, 0.74) for the model fitted the developed risk score, with the cut-off point of 3.5. CONCLUSIONS: These findings revealed protective and risk factors associated with anxiety, and developed a simple method of identifying people who are at an increased risk of anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic.
BACKGROUND:Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic and an anxiety-provoking event. There are few studies to identify potential risk and protective factors related to anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We collected information on demographic data and lifestyles by a web-based survey of 19,802 participants from 34 provinces in China during COVID-19 pandemic. Level of anxiety was evaluated using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. We used ordinal multivariable logistic regression to estimate the associations of anxiety level with potential risk and protective factors. We further developed a new score to simplify the assessment of anxiety during COVID-19 crisis. RESULTS: Among 19,802 participants, we found that those who were front-line medical personnel, suffered from chronic disease, with present symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection or contact history had 112, 93, 40 and 15% increased risk of higher anxiety level; while those with knowledge about personal protective measures or wore masks had 75 and 29% lower risk of higher anxiety level respectively. We developed a risk score by calculating the sum of single score of 17 factors. Each one increase of the risk score was associated with a 297% increase in anxiety index score. In categorical analysis, low risk (the risk score between 1 to 2), the moderate risk group (the risk score of 3) and high risk group (the risk score ≥ 4) had - 0.40 (95% CI: - 1.55, 0.76), 1.44 (95% CI: 0.27, 2.61) and 9.18 (95% CI: 8.04, 10.33) increase in anxiety index score, and 26% (95% CI: - 7, 72%), 172% (95% CI: 100, 270%), and 733% (95% CI: 516, 1026%) higher risk of anxiety respectively, when compared with the very low risk group (the risk score of 0). The AUC was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.72, 0.74) for the model fitted the developed risk score, with the cut-off point of 3.5. CONCLUSIONS: These findings revealed protective and risk factors associated with anxiety, and developed a simple method of identifying people who are at an increased risk of anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Huan Song; Fang Fang; Gunnar Tomasson; Filip K Arnberg; David Mataix-Cols; Lorena Fernández de la Cruz; Catarina Almqvist; Katja Fall; Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir Journal: JAMA Date: 2018-06-19 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Anna L D Lau; Iris Chi; Robert A Cummins; Tatia M C Lee; Kee-L Chou; Lawrence W M Chung Journal: Aging Ment Health Date: 2008-11 Impact factor: 3.658
Authors: Nicholas W S Chew; Grace K H Lee; Benjamin Y Q Tan; Mingxue Jing; Yihui Goh; Nicholas J H Ngiam; Leonard L L Yeo; Aftab Ahmad; Faheem Ahmed Khan; Ganesh Napolean Shanmugam; Arvind K Sharma; R N Komalkumar; P V Meenakshi; Kenam Shah; Bhargesh Patel; Bernard P L Chan; Sibi Sunny; Bharatendu Chandra; Jonathan J Y Ong; Prakash R Paliwal; Lily Y H Wong; Renarebecca Sagayanathan; Jin Tao Chen; Alison Ying Ying Ng; Hock Luen Teoh; Georgios Tsivgoulis; Cyrus S Ho; Roger C Ho; Vijay K Sharma Journal: Brain Behav Immun Date: 2020-04-21 Impact factor: 7.217