Travis Salway1,2,3,4, Stephen Juwono1,4,5, Ben Klassen4, Olivier Ferlatte4,6,7, Aidan Ablona2,4, Harlan Pruden2,4, Jeffrey Morgan4,8, Michael Kwag4, Kiffer Card4,9, Rod Knight4,10, Nathan J Lachowsky4,9. 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. 2. British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 3. Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 4. Community-Based Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 5. Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 6. l'École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 7. Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 8. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 9. University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. 10. Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: "Conversion therapy" practices (CTP) are organized and sustained efforts to avoid the adoption of non-heterosexual sexual orientations and/or of gender identities not assigned at birth. Few data are available to inform the contemporary prevalence of CTP. The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence of CTP among Canadian sexual and gender minority men, including details regarding the setting, age of initiation, and duration of CTP exposure. METHODS: Sexual and gender minority men, including transmen and non-binary individuals, aged ≥ 15, living in Canada were recruited via social media and networking applications and websites, November 2019-February 2020. Participants provided demographic data and detailed information about their experiences with CTP. RESULTS: 21% of respondents (N = 9,214) indicated that they or any person with authority (e.g., parent, caregiver) ever tried to change their sexual orientation or gender identity, and 10% had experienced CTP. CTP experience was highest among non-binary (20%) and transgender respondents (19%), those aged 15-19 years (13%), immigrants (15%), and racial/ethnic minorities (11-22%, with variability by identity). Among the n = 910 participants who experienced CTP, most experienced CTP in religious/faith-based settings (67%) or licensed healthcare provider offices (20%). 72% of those who experienced CTP first attended before the age of 20 years, 24% attended for one year or longer, and 31% attended more than five sessions. INTERPRETATION: CTP remains prevalent in Canada and is most prevalent among younger cohorts, transgender people, immigrants, and racial/ethnic minorities. Legislation, policy, and education are needed that target both religious and healthcare settings.
BACKGROUND: "Conversion therapy" practices (CTP) are organized and sustained efforts to avoid the adoption of non-heterosexual sexual orientations and/or of gender identities not assigned at birth. Few data are available to inform the contemporary prevalence of CTP. The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence of CTP among Canadian sexual and gender minority men, including details regarding the setting, age of initiation, and duration of CTP exposure. METHODS: Sexual and gender minority men, including transmen and non-binary individuals, aged ≥ 15, living in Canada were recruited via social media and networking applications and websites, November 2019-February 2020. Participants provided demographic data and detailed information about their experiences with CTP. RESULTS: 21% of respondents (N = 9,214) indicated that they or any person with authority (e.g., parent, caregiver) ever tried to change their sexual orientation or gender identity, and 10% had experienced CTP. CTP experience was highest among non-binary (20%) and transgender respondents (19%), those aged 15-19 years (13%), immigrants (15%), and racial/ethnic minorities (11-22%, with variability by identity). Among the n = 910 participants who experienced CTP, most experienced CTP in religious/faith-based settings (67%) or licensed healthcare provider offices (20%). 72% of those who experienced CTP first attended before the age of 20 years, 24% attended for one year or longer, and 31% attended more than five sessions. INTERPRETATION:CTP remains prevalent in Canada and is most prevalent among younger cohorts, transgender people, immigrants, and racial/ethnic minorities. Legislation, policy, and education are needed that target both religious and healthcare settings.