Xiaozhi Cao1,2,3, Kang Wang4, Congyu Liao2,3, Zijing Zhang2,5, Siddharth Srinivasan Iyer2,6, Zhifeng Chen2,3,7, Wei-Ching Lo8, Huafeng Liu5, Hongjian He1, Kawin Setsompop2,3,9, Jianhui Zhong1,10, Berkin Bilgic2,3,9. 1. Center for Brain Imaging Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. 2. Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA. 3. Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA. 4. Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. 5. State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. 6. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 7. School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Image Processing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. 8. Siemens Medical Solutions, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 9. Harvard-MIT Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 10. Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To rapidly obtain high isotropic-resolution T2 maps with whole-brain coverage and high geometric fidelity. METHODS: A T2 blip-up/down EPI acquisition with generalized slice-dithered enhanced resolution (T2 -BUDA-gSlider) is proposed. A RF-encoded multi-slab spin-echo (SE) EPI acquisition with multiple TEs was developed to obtain high SNR efficiency with reduced TR. This was combined with an interleaved 2-shot EPI acquisition using blip-up/down phase encoding. An estimated field map was incorporated into the joint multi-shot EPI reconstruction with a structured low rank constraint to achieve distortion-free and robust reconstruction for each slab without navigation. A Bloch simulated subspace model was integrated into gSlider reconstruction and used for T2 quantification. RESULTS: In vivo results demonstrated that the T2 values estimated by the proposed method were consistent with gold standard spin-echo acquisition. Compared to the reference 3D fast spin echo (FSE) images, distortion caused by off-resonance and eddy current effects were effectively mitigated. CONCLUSION: BUDA-gSlider SE-EPI acquisition and gSlider-subspace joint reconstruction enabled distortion-free whole-brain T2 mapping in 2 min at ~1 mm3 isotropic resolution, which could bring significant benefits to related clinical and neuroscience applications.
PURPOSE: To rapidly obtain high isotropic-resolution T2 maps with whole-brain coverage and high geometric fidelity. METHODS: A T2 blip-up/down EPI acquisition with generalized slice-dithered enhanced resolution (T2 -BUDA-gSlider) is proposed. A RF-encoded multi-slab spin-echo (SE) EPI acquisition with multiple TEs was developed to obtain high SNR efficiency with reduced TR. This was combined with an interleaved 2-shot EPI acquisition using blip-up/down phase encoding. An estimated field map was incorporated into the joint multi-shot EPI reconstruction with a structured low rank constraint to achieve distortion-free and robust reconstruction for each slab without navigation. A Bloch simulated subspace model was integrated into gSlider reconstruction and used for T2 quantification. RESULTS: In vivo results demonstrated that the T2 values estimated by the proposed method were consistent with gold standard spin-echo acquisition. Compared to the reference 3D fast spin echo (FSE) images, distortion caused by off-resonance and eddy current effects were effectively mitigated. CONCLUSION: BUDA-gSlider SE-EPI acquisition and gSlider-subspace joint reconstruction enabled distortion-free whole-brain T2 mapping in 2 min at ~1 mm3 isotropic resolution, which could bring significant benefits to related clinical and neuroscience applications.
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