| Literature DB >> 34035548 |
Nina Ditsch1, Elmar Stickeler2, Annika Behrens3, Erik Belleville4, Peter A Fasching3, Tanja N Fehm5, Andreas D Hartkopf6, Christian Jackisch7, Wolfgang Janni8, Cornelia Kolberg-Liedtke9, Hans-Christian Kolberg10, Diana Lüftner11, Michael P Lux12, Volkmar Müller13, Andreas Schneeweiss14, Florian Schütz15, Carla E Schulmeyer3, Hans Tesch16, Christoph Thomssen17, Christoph Uleer18, Michael Untch19, Manfred Welslau20, Achim Wöckel21, Lena A Wurmthaler3, Rachel Würstlein22, Marc Thill23, Bahriye Aktas24.
Abstract
This review summarises and discusses significant aspects of recently published studies on patient treatment in advanced breast cancer and on biomarkers in breast cancer. In recent years, a large number of drugs for all molecular subtypes have been developed up to phase III trials. With regard to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastasised breast cancer, the recent discussion has centred on the best candidate for combined chemotherapy. The oral taxanes could become a new type of oral chemotherapies. There is a growing body of data on biomarkers for the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors, which could also signify further development for other molecular subtypes. New substances have been developed for metastatic HER2+ breast cancer that still result in good remission even after massive prior treatment and/or cerebral metastasis. Similarly, knowledge is growing about targeted therapies with antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) against Trop-2, which could bolster our therapeutic armoury in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In addition, the clinical focus is on understanding how to maintain fertility after breast cancer treatment. Here, pooled analyses provide new insights. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commecial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).Entities:
Keywords: advanced breast cancer; biomarkers; prognosis; therapy
Year: 2021 PMID: 34035548 PMCID: PMC8137275 DOI: 10.1055/a-1464-1221
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Table 1 Impact of molecular subtypes on the effect of ribociclib and the effect on prognosis in the treatment groups regarding progression-free survival.
| Comparison of ribociclib+ER vs. ET monotherapy* | Comparison of molecular subtype vs. Luminal A group in patients treated with ribociclib + endocrine therapy | Comparison of molecular subtype vs. Luminal A group in patients treated with endocrine monotherapy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio | p-value | Hazard Ratio | p-value | Hazard Ratio | p-value | |
| * The hazard ratio differences were tested with an interaction variable. The differences were statistically significant (p = 0.045). | ||||||
| Luminal A | 0.63 | < 0.001 | Reference | Reference | ||
| Luminal B | 0.52 | < 0.001 | 1.17 | 0.35 | 1.68 | 0.00055 |
| HER2 enriched | 0.39 | < 0.001 | 1.76 | 0.00082 | 1.47 | < 0.0001 |
| Basal-like | 1.15 | 0.7672 | 5.1 | < 0.0001 | 3.05 | 0.004 |
| Normal-like | not shown | 0.98 | 0.93 | 1.69 | 0.0025 | |
Fig. 1Progression-free survival in the ASCENT trial by Trop-2 expression 31 .
Table 2 Overall survival times for patients with and without CTC elimination during observation and the corresponding hazard ratios (from 35 ).
| CTC status at treatment baseline/CTC status during the course of treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CTC+/ CTC+ | CTC+/CTC− | ||
| Overall population | median OS | 17.87 | 32.2 |
| HR | 1 | 0.49 (95% CI: 0.44- 0.54) | |
| HER2-positive | median OS | 22.8 | 36.83 |
| HR | 1 | 0.54 (95% CI: 0.42 – 0.69) | |
| HR-positive | median OS | 20.45 | 36.58 |
| HR | 1 | 0.47 (95% CI: 0.41 – 0.54) | |
| TNBC | median OS | 9.38 | 20.47 |
| HR | 1 | 0.41 (95% CI: 0.32 – 0.52) | |
Table 3 Relative risks of pregnancy after malignant disease 40 .
| Cancer | Relative risk | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| bold = estimates for breast cancer | ||
| Cervix | 0.33 | 0.31 – 0.35 |
| Breast |
|
|
| Leukaemia | 0.4 | 0.27 – 0.58 |
| Kidney | 0.42 | 0.18 – 0.99 |
| CNS | 0.52 | 0.39 – 0.69 |
| Bone | 0.56 | 0.37 – 0.86 |
| Ovary | 0.56 | 0.48 – 0.65 |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 0.62 | 0.47 – 0.82 |
| All types | 0.65 | 0.55 – 0.77 |
| Liver | 0.65 | 0.19 – 2.26 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 0.66 | 0.53 – 0.82 |
| Colon | 0.7 | 0.41 – 1.17 |
| Thyroid | 0.82 | 0.65 – 1.03 |
| Skin | 0.97 | 0.87 – 1.09 |
Tab. 1 Effekt der molekularen Subtypen auf den Effekt von Ribociclib und den Effekt auf die Prognose in den Behandlungsgruppen in Bezug auf das progressionsfreie Überleben.
| Vergleich Ribociclib+ER vs. ET Monotherapie* | Vergleich molekularer Subtyp vs. Luminal-A-Gruppe in Patientinnen behandelt mit Ribociclib + endokrine Therapie | Vergleich molekularer Subtyp vs. Luminal-A-Gruppe in Patientinnen behandelt mit endokriner Monotherapie | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hazard Ratio | p-Wert | Hazard Ratio | p-Wert | Hazard Ratio | p-Wert | |
| * Die Unterschiede zwischen den Hazard Ratios wurden mit einer Interaktions-Variable getestet. Die Unterschiede waren statistisch signifikant (p = 0,045). | ||||||
| Luminal A | 0,63 | < 0,001 | Referenz | Referenz | ||
| Luminal B | 0,52 | < 0,001 | 1,17 | 0,35 | 1,68 | 0,00055 |
| HER2 angereichert | 0,39 | < 0,001 | 1,76 | 0,00082 | 1,47 | < 0,0001 |
| Basal like | 1,15 | 0,7672 | 5,1 | < 0,0001 | 3,05 | 0,004 |
| Normal like | not shown | 0,98 | 0,93 | 1,69 | 0,0025 | |
Abb. 1Progressionsfreies Überleben in der ASCENT-Studie nach Trop-2-Expression 31 .
Tab. 2 Gesamtüberlebenszeiten für Patientinnen mit und ohne CTC-Elimination im Verlauf der Beobachtung und die korrespondierenden Hazard Ratios (nach 35 ).
| CTC-Status zu Beginn der Therapie/im CTC-Status im weiteren Verlauf | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| CTC+/ CTC+ | CTC+/CTC− | ||
| Gesamtpopulation | medianes OS | 17,87 | 32,2 |
| HR | 1 | 0,49 (95%-KI: 0,44 – 0,54) | |
| HER2-positiv | medianes OS | 22,8 | 36,83 |
| HR | 1 | 0,54 (95%-KI: 0,42 – 0,69) | |
| HR-positiv | medianes OS | 20,45 | 36,58 |
| HR | 1 | 0,47 (95%-KI: 0,41 – 0,54) | |
| TNBC | medianes OS | 9,38 | 20,47 |
| HR | 1 | 0,41 (95%-KI: 0,32 – 0,52) | |
Tab. 3 Relative Risiken für eine Schwangerschaft nach einer malignen Erkrankung 40 .
| Karzinom | relatives Risiko | 95%-KI |
|---|---|---|
| fett = Risikoschätzer für Mammakarzinompatientinnen | ||
| Zervix | 0,33 | 0,31 – 0,35 |
| Mamma |
|
|
| Leukämie | 0,4 | 0,27 – 0,58 |
| Niere | 0,42 | 0,18 – 0,99 |
| ZNS | 0,52 | 0,39 – 0,69 |
| Knochen | 0,56 | 0,37 – 0,86 |
| Ovar | 0,56 | 0,48 – 0,65 |
| Hodgkin-Lymphom | 0,62 | 0,47 – 0,82 |
| alle Arten | 0,65 | 0,55 – 0,77 |
| Leber | 0,65 | 0,19 – 2,26 |
| Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom | 0,66 | 0,53 – 0,82 |
| Kolon | 0,7 | 0,41 – 1,17 |
| Schilddrüse | 0,82 | 0,65 – 1,03 |
| Haut | 0,97 | 0,87 – 1,09 |