[Neurobiological principles of borderline personality disorder: integration into the ICD-11 model of personality disorders].

BACKGROUND: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder associated with far-reaching impairments in the self and interpersonal functioning. The broad database has contributed to the fact that BPD remains the only categorical personality diagnosis in ICD-11, even if coupled to the determination of the severity of impairments. Nevertheless, we need to deal with a dimensional conceptualization of personality disorders-which is also supported by neuroscientific findings-at the latest in 2022 when the ICD-11 comes into effect .
OBJECTIVE: This narrative review provides an overview of neuroscientific findings regarding impairments in self and interpersonal functioning in patients with BPD.
RESULTS: Alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex, temporoparietal junction and precuneus mediate deficits in self-referential thought processes and the mentalization of emotions and intentions of others. Enhanced connectivity between the amygdala and midline structures is associated with hypermentalization. At the same time, elevated insula activation seems to underlie the strengthened nonreflective parts of feelings of other people. Frontolimbic alterations are transdiagnostically associated with deficient emotional regulation and negative affectivity and alterations in reward and cognitive control regions are related to impulsivity.
CONCLUSION: Neuroscientific findings help to have a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of central functional impairments in BPD and can support the transition to ICD-11 as well as the implementation of new interventions.