N Dwivedi1,2, A K Ott3,4, K Sasikumar5, C Dou3, R J Yeo2,6, B Narayanan5, U Sassi3, D De Fazio3, G Soavi3, T Dutta2,7, O Balci3, S Shinde3, J Zhang3, A K Katiyar3, P S Keatley8, A K Srivastava1, S K R S Sankaranarayanan5,9, A C Ferrari10, C S Bhatia2. 1. CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, India. 2. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. 3. Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 4. Department of Engineering, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. 5. Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA. 6. Institute of Materials, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland. 7. Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland. 8. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. 9. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA. 10. Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. acf26@eng.cam.ac.uk.
Abstract
Hard disk drives (HDDs) are used as secondary storage in digital electronic devices owing to low cost and large data storage capacity. Due to the exponentially increasing amount of data, there is a need to increase areal storage densities beyond ~1 Tb/in2. This requires the thickness of carbon overcoats (COCs) to be <2 nm. However, friction, wear, corrosion, and thermal stability are critical concerns below 2 nm, limiting current technology, and restricting COC integration with heat assisted magnetic recording technology (HAMR). Here we show that graphene-based overcoats can overcome all these limitations, and achieve two-fold reduction in friction and provide better corrosion and wear resistance than state-of-the-art COCs, while withstanding HAMR conditions. Thus, we expect that graphene overcoats may enable the development of 4-10 Tb/in2 areal density HDDs when employing suitable recording technologies, such as HAMR and HAMR+bit patterned media.
Hard disk drives (HDDs) are used as secondary storage in digin class="Chemical">tal electronic devices owing to low cost and large data storage capacity. Due to the exponentially increasing amount of data, there is a need to increase areal storage densities beyond ~1 Tb/in2. This requires the thickness of carbon overcoats (COCs) to be <2 nm. However, friction, wear, corrosion, and thermal stability are critical concerns below 2 nm, limiting current technology, and restricting COC integration with heat assisted magnetic recording technology (HAMR). Here we show that graphene-based overcoats can overcome all these limitations, and achieve two-fold reduction in friction and provide better corrosion and wear resistance than state-of-the-art COCs, while withstanding HAMR conditions. Thus, we expect that graphene overcoats may enable the development of 4-10 Tb/in2 areal density HDDs when employing suitable recording technologies, such as HAMR and HAMR+bit patterned media.
Authors: Diana Berman; Sanket A Deshmukh; Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan; Ali Erdemir; Anirudha V Sumant Journal: Science Date: 2015-05-14 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: Dhiraj Prasai; Juan Carlos Tuberquia; Robert R Harl; G Kane Jennings; Bridget R Rogers; Kirill I Bolotin Journal: ACS Nano Date: 2012-02-10 Impact factor: 15.881
Authors: V G Kravets; R Jalil; Y-J Kim; D Ansell; D E Aznakayeva; B Thackray; L Britnell; B D Belle; F Withers; I P Radko; Z Han; S I Bozhevolnyi; K S Novoselov; A K Geim; A N Grigorenko Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2014-07-01 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Robert S Weatherup; Lorenzo D'Arsié; Andrea Cabrero-Vilatela; Sabina Caneva; Raoul Blume; John Robertson; Robert Schloegl; Stephan Hofmann Journal: J Am Chem Soc Date: 2015-11-09 Impact factor: 15.419