Zaid Haddadin1, Jennifer E Schuster2, Andrew J Spieker3, Herdi Rahman1, Anna Blozinski1, Laura Stewart1, Angela P Campbell4, Joana Y Lively4,5, Marian G Michaels6, John V Williams6, Julie A Boom7,8, Leila C Sahni7,8, Mary Staat9, Monica McNeal9, Rangaraj Selvarangan2,10, Christopher J Harrison2, Geoffrey A Weinberg11, Peter G Szilagyi11,12, Janet A Englund13, Eileen J Klein13, Aaron T Curns4, Brian Rha4, Gayle E Langley4, Aron J Hall4, Manish M Patel4, Natasha B Halasa14. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. 2. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 3. Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee. 4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Response Team, Atlanta, Georgia. 5. IHRC, Inc, Atlanta, Georgia. 6. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. 8. Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas. 9. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati and Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio. 10. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City and Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri. 11. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York. 12. Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles Mattel Children's Hospital and University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 13. Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington. 14. Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee natasha.halasa@vumc.org.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Nonpharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 likely have a role in decreasing viral acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs). We aimed to assess the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza ARIs before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS: This study was a prospective, multicenter, population-based ARI surveillance, including children seen in the emergency departments and inpatient settings in 7 US cities for ARI. Respiratory samples were collected and evaluated by molecular testing. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between community mitigation and number of eligible and proportion of RSV and influenza cases. RESULTS: Overall, 45 759 children were eligible; 25 415 were enrolled and tested; 25% and 14% were RSV-positive and influenza-positive, respectively. In 2020, we noted a decrease in eligible and enrolled ARI subjects after community mitigation measures were introduced, with no RSV or influenza detection from April 5, 2020, to April 30, 2020. Compared with 2016-2019, there was an average of 10.6 fewer eligible ARI cases per week per site and 63.9% and 45.8% lower odds of patients testing positive for RSV and influenza, respectively, during the 2020 community mitigation period. In all sites except Seattle, the proportions of positive tests for RSV and influenza in the 2020 community mitigation period were lower than predicted. CONCLUSIONS: Between March and April 2020, rapid declines in ARI cases and the proportions of RSV and influenza in children were consistently noted across 7 US cities, which could be attributable to community mitigation measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
OBJECTIVES: Nonpharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 likely have a role in decreasing viral acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs). We aimed to assess the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza ARIs before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS: This study was a prospective, multicenter, population-based ARI surveillance, including children seen in the emergency departments and inpatient settings in 7 US cities for ARI. Respiratory samples were collected and evaluated by molecular testing. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between community mitigation and number of eligible and proportion of RSV and influenza cases. RESULTS: Overall, 45 759 children were eligible; 25 415 were enrolled and tested; 25% and 14% were RSV-positive and influenza-positive, respectively. In 2020, we noted a decrease in eligible and enrolled ARI subjects after community mitigation measures were introduced, with no RSV or influenza detection from April 5, 2020, to April 30, 2020. Compared with 2016-2019, there was an average of 10.6 fewer eligible ARI cases per week per site and 63.9% and 45.8% lower odds of patients testing positive for RSV and influenza, respectively, during the 2020 community mitigation period. In all sites except Seattle, the proportions of positive tests for RSV and influenza in the 2020 community mitigation period were lower than predicted. CONCLUSIONS: Between March and April 2020, rapid declines in ARI cases and the proportions of RSV and influenza in children were consistently noted across 7 US cities, which could be attributable to community mitigation measures against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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