SIGNIFICANCE: The rise in the prevalence of myopia, a significant worldwide public health concern, has been too rapid to be explained by genetic factors alone and thus suggests environmental influences. PURPOSE: Relatively little attention has been paid to the possible role of nutrition in myopia. The availability of the large National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set, which includes results from vision examinations, offers the opportunity to investigate the relationship between several nutrition-related factors, including body metrics, and the presence and magnitude of myopia. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data sets with vision examination, demographic, body metrics, and nutritional data, collected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey over the years of 2003 to 2008, were extracted for analysis. Based on already published basic and epidemiological studies, the following parameters were selected for study: body height and body mass index, demographics, serum vitamin D and glucose/insulin levels, and caffeine intake, using multivariable models and objectively measured refractive errors as the main outcome measure. RESULTS: Data from a total of 6855 ethnically diverse Americans aged 12 to 25 years were analyzed. In final multivariate models, female sex and age were the most significant factors related to myopia status and refractive error. In general, body metrics (body mass index) or nutritional factors (serum vitamin D, glucose levels, and caffeine intake) were found to be associated with refractive error or myopia status; however, increased insulin levels were related to increased odds of having myopia. CONCLUSIONS: These largely negative findings suggest that other environmental factors, such as those related to the visual environment, may contribute more to the development and/or progression of myopia and would argue for continued research in these areas in support of more evidence-based myopia clinical management.
SIGNIFICANCE: The rise in the prevalence of myopia, a significant worldwide public health concern, has been too rapid to be explained by genetic factors alone and thus suggests environmental influences. PURPOSE: Relatively little attention has been paid to the possible role of nutrition in myopia. The availability of the large National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data set, which includes results from vision examinations, offers the opportunity to investigate the relationship between several nutrition-related factors, including body metrics, and the presence and magnitude of myopia. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data sets with vision examination, demographic, body metrics, and nutritional data, collected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey over the years of 2003 to 2008, were extracted for analysis. Based on already published basic and epidemiological studies, the following parameters were selected for study: body height and body mass index, demographics, serum vitamin D and glucose/insulin levels, and caffeine intake, using multivariable models and objectively measured refractive errors as the main outcome measure. RESULTS: Data from a total of 6855 ethnically diverse Americans aged 12 to 25 years were analyzed. In final multivariate models, female sex and age were the most significant factors related to myopia status and refractive error. In general, body metrics (body mass index) or nutritional factors (serum vitamin D, glucose levels, and caffeine intake) were found to be associated with refractive error or myopia status; however, increased insulin levels were related to increased odds of having myopia. CONCLUSIONS: These largely negative findings suggest that other environmental factors, such as those related to the visual environment, may contribute more to the development and/or progression of myopia and would argue for continued research in these areas in support of more evidence-based myopia clinical management.
Authors: Donald O Mutti; G Lynn Mitchell; Lisa A Jones; Nina E Friedman; Sara L Frane; Wendy K Lin; Melvin L Moeschberger; Karla Zadnik Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2005-09 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Virgilio Galvis; Patricio López-Jaramillo; Alejandro Tello; Yuly Andrea Castellanos-Castellanos; Paul Anthony Camacho; Daniel Dylan Cohen; Diego Gómez-Arbeláez; Jesús Merayo-Lloves Journal: Med Hypotheses Date: 2016-02-27 Impact factor: 1.538
Authors: Qiao Fan; Virginie J M Verhoeven; Robert Wojciechowski; Veluchamy A Barathi; Pirro G Hysi; Jeremy A Guggenheim; René Höhn; Veronique Vitart; Anthony P Khawaja; Kenji Yamashiro; S Mohsen Hosseini; Terho Lehtimäki; Yi Lu; Toomas Haller; Jing Xie; Cécile Delcourt; Mario Pirastu; Juho Wedenoja; Puya Gharahkhani; Cristina Venturini; Masahiro Miyake; Alex W Hewitt; Xiaobo Guo; Johanna Mazur; Jenifer E Huffman; Katie M Williams; Ozren Polasek; Harry Campbell; Igor Rudan; Zoran Vatavuk; James F Wilson; Peter K Joshi; George McMahon; Beate St Pourcain; David M Evans; Claire L Simpson; Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An; Robert P Igo; Alireza Mirshahi; Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire; Céline Bellenguez; Maria Blettner; Olli Raitakari; Mika Kähönen; Ilkka Seppala; Tanja Zeller; Thomas Meitinger; Janina S Ried; Christian Gieger; Laura Portas; Elisabeth M van Leeuwen; Najaf Amin; André G Uitterlinden; Fernando Rivadeneira; Albert Hofman; Johannes R Vingerling; Ya Xing Wang; Xu Wang; Eileen Tai-Hui Boh; M Kamran Ikram; Charumathi Sabanayagam; Preeti Gupta; Vincent Tan; Lei Zhou; Candice E H Ho; Wan'e Lim; Roger W Beuerman; Rosalynn Siantar; E-Shyong Tai; Eranga Vithana; Evelin Mihailov; Chiea-Chuen Khor; Caroline Hayward; Robert N Luben; Paul J Foster; Barbara E K Klein; Ronald Klein; Hoi-Suen Wong; Paul Mitchell; Andres Metspalu; Tin Aung; Terri L Young; Mingguang He; Olavi Pärssinen; Cornelia M van Duijn; Jie Jin Wang; Cathy Williams; Jost B Jonas; Yik-Ying Teo; David A Mackey; Konrad Oexle; Nagahisa Yoshimura; Andrew D Paterson; Norbert Pfeiffer; Tien-Yin Wong; Paul N Baird; Dwight Stambolian; Joan E Bailey Wilson; Ching-Yu Cheng; Christopher J Hammond; Caroline C W Klaver; Seang-Mei Saw; Jugnoo S Rahi; Jean-François Korobelnik; John P Kemp; Nicholas J Timpson; George Davey Smith; Jamie E Craig; Kathryn P Burdon; Rhys D Fogarty; Sudha K Iyengar; Emily Chew; Sarayut Janmahasatian; Nicholas G Martin; Stuart MacGregor; Liang Xu; Maria Schache; Vinay Nangia; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Alan F Wright; Jeremy R Fondran; Jonathan H Lass; Sheng Feng; Jing Hua Zhao; Kay-Tee Khaw; Nick J Wareham; Taina Rantanen; Jaakko Kaprio; Chi Pui Pang; Li Jia Chen; Pancy O Tam; Vishal Jhanji; Alvin L Young; Angela Döring; Leslie J Raffel; Mary-Frances Cotch; Xiaohui Li; Shea Ping Yip; Maurice K H Yap; Ginevra Biino; Simona Vaccargiu; Maurizio Fossarello; Brian Fleck; Seyhan Yazar; Jan Willem L Tideman; Milly Tedja; Margaret M Deangelis; Margaux Morrison; Lindsay Farrer; Xiangtian Zhou; Wei Chen; Nobuhisa Mizuki; Akira Meguro; Kari Matti Mäkelä Journal: Nat Commun Date: 2016-03-29 Impact factor: 14.919
Authors: Mukharram M Bikbov; Gyulli M Kazakbaeva; Timur R Gilmanshin; Rinat M Zainullin; Inga I Arslangareeva; Venera F Salavatova; Guzel M Bikbova; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Nikolai A Nikitin; Artur F Zaynetdinov; Ildar F Nuriev; Renat I Khikmatullin; Yulia V Uzianbaeva; Dilya F Yakupova; Said K Aminev; Jost B Jonas Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-02-01 Impact factor: 3.240