| Literature DB >> 33961076 |
Timur Sellmann1, Clemens Maurer2, Serge C Thal3.
Abstract
If noninvasive ventilation (NIV or high-flow CPAP) fails in severe cases of COVID-19, escalation of treatment with orotracheal intubation and intermitted prone positioning is provided as standard care. The present case reports show two COVID-19 patients with severe refractory hypoxemia despite NIV treatment during the first wave (first half year 2020) and the resulting influence on the treatment regimen during the second wave (since October 2020) of the pandemic. Both patients (aged 63 years and 77 years) voluntarily positioned themselves on the side or in a prone position without prior sedation and oral intubation. Positional treatment promptly improved the arterial oxygenation level. The oxygenation index improved in the following days with continued NIV and intermittent prone and side position. The recovered patients were transferred from the intensive care unit at days 5 and 14, respectively after admission. The case reports, along with other reports, show that prone or lateral positioning may be important in the treatment of SARS-CoV‑2 pneumonia in awake and not yet intubated patients.Entities:
Keywords: High-flow nasal cannula; Hypoxemia; Intubation; Prone positioning; SARS-CoV2; Ventilation; Ventilation strategy
Mesh:
Year: 2021 PMID: 33961076 PMCID: PMC8102849 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-021-00973-0
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Anaesthesist ISSN: 0003-2417 Impact factor: 1.041



| Alter | Geschlecht | APACHE | ICU-LOS | Bauchlage | ETI | CFR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 66 (±16,9) | 11/5 | 15 (±7,4) | 6 (±3,3) | 0 | 0 | 37,5 % (6/16)a |
| 64 (±11,7) | 14/1 | 10 (±4,7) | 15 (±9,4) | 15 | 6 | 33,3 % (5/15) |
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| ||||||
| 60 (±11,5) | 8/1 | 10 (±5,3) | 12 (±7,1) | 9 | 0 | 11,1 % (1/9) |
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| ||||||
| 72 (±7,9) | 6/0 | 11 (±4) | 19 (±11,6) | 6 | 6 | 66,7 % (4/6) |
| 72 (±10,9) | 4/4 | 17 (±8,3) | 15 (±13,8) | 8 | 8 | 87,5 % (7/8) |
Daten als Mittelwerte mit Standardabweichung
APACHE Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation; ICU-LOS „ICU length of stay“ (Dauer des Aufenthalts auf der Intensivstation); CFR „Case fatality rate“; ETI Endotracheale Intubation
aBereinigt nach Therapieverzicht (5 Patienten): CFR = 9 % (1/11); APACHE 14 (±8,4); ICU-LOS 6,5 (±2,5)
| Name | Pat. | Studienart | „Main outcome“ | Verfahren | Lagerung | Ergebnisse | Akzeptanz | Nachhaltigkeit | Intubation/Mortalität |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coppo [ | 56 (St., ED; RHDU) | Prospektive Kohorte | P/F Vor/nach BL | O2 o. CPAP | 3 h BL | Oxygenierung ↑ in BL (signifikant) | 47 v. 56 mind. 3 h BL | Oxygenierung ↑ in 50 % (23/46); ∅ signifikant zu Baseline | 13 ETI 5 Tote (∅ Zusammenhang zu Studie) |
| Caputo [ | 50 (ED) | Kohortenobservation | Veränderung SpO2 | O2 | O2, dann BL (5 min) | SpO2 von 84 % auf 94 % in BL | k. A. | k. A. | 20 ETI (insgesamt), Tod = k. A. |
| Elharrar [ | 24 (St.) | Prospektive Kohorte | Anteil der Responder (paO2 ↑ ≥ 20 % n. BL) | O2 | BL | BL + Oxygenierung↑: 25 % BL (>3 h) | 4/24: ≤ 1 h BL 5/24: 1–3 h BL 15/24: > 3 h BL | 6/24 ↑ in BL 3/24 langfristig | 5 ETI (n. 10 Tagen) Tod = k. A. |
| Sartini [ | 15 (St.) | Fallserie | SpO2, AF, Patientenkomfort | NIV (mehrere Zyklen) | BL | Während BL: AF↓, P/F + SpO2↑ | Komfort↑: 11 Pat. während, 13 n. BL | P/F + SpO2↑ bei 12 Patienten | ETI = 1 Tod = 1 |
| Xu [ | 10 (k. A.) | Fallserie | Veränderung P/F | HFNC | BL | P/F nach BL signifikant besser | k. A. | k. A. | 0 ETI, 0 Tod |
| Froelich [ | 3 (k. A.) | Fallserie | Klin. Verlauf | O2 | Lagerungstherapie | SpO2↑ d. Lagerung | k. A. | k. A. | 0 ETI, 0 Tod |
| Paul [ | 2 (Intensiv) | Fallserie/Review | Klin. Verlauf | HFNC/NIV | BL, Pat. selbst für 2–3 h mehrmals tägl. | SpO2↑, FIO2↓ | Benzodiazepine zusätzlich | k. A. | Einmal ETI präinterventionell, beide Pat. verlegt |
St. Station; ED „emergency department“ (Notaufnahme); RHDU „respiratory high dependency unit“; P/F „(ratio) pressure of arterialized oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen“; SO „saturation of peripheral (capillary) oxygen“; CPAP „continuous positive airway pressure“; BL Bauchlagerung; ETI endotracheale Intubation; k. A. keine Angabe; HFNC „high-flow nasal cannula“; NIV noninvasive Ventilation; AF Atemfrequenz; FO fraction auf inspired oxygen