Yuncheng Zhu1,2,3, Li Liu3, Daoliang Yang3, Haifeng Ji3, Tianming Huang3, Lianxue Xue3, Xixi Jiang4, Kaiyun Li5, Lily Tao6, Qing Cai6, Yiru Fang7,8,9. 1. Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200083, China. 2. Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. 3. Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335, China. 4. Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200335, China. 226334295@qq.com. 5. University of Jinan, Shandong Province, Jinan, 250022, China. 6. Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE & STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China. 7. Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China. yirufang@aliyun.com. 8. CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, 200031, China. yirufang@aliyun.com. 9. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai, 201108, China. yirufang@aliyun.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study investigated cognitive and emotional functioning in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (DICCD). METHODS: Thirty patients with ADHD, 26 with DICCD, 22 with ADHD+DICCD were recruited from the outpatient department of Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, plus 20 healthy controls (HC). Differences between the groups in cognitive and emotional functioning were examined using Golden's Stroop and Emotional Stroop tests. For Emotional Stroop Mean reaction time (RT) of positive word (POS) and negative word (NEG) with color congruence (C) or incongruence (I) were recorded as POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and NEG-I, respectively. RESULTS: For Golden's interference scores (IGs), both errors and RTs in the ADHD group were higher than in the other groups. Longer mean RTs of POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and neural word (NEU) of the ADHD group, and NEG-I of ADHD+DICCD and DICCD groups were observed compared to HC. After 12 weeks of methylphenidate treatment, differences between ADHD subgroups and HC on Golden's Stroop RT disappeared, but differences in Golden's Stroop errors and Emotional Stroop mean RTs remained. The ADHD+DICCD group showed longer mean RTs in NEG-C, NEG-I and NEU of the Emotional Stroop test than the ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that regardless of emotional responding, deficit in cognitive control is the core symptom of ADHD. However, emotionally biased stimuli may cause response inhibitory dysfunction among DICCD with callous-unemotional traits, and the comorbidity of ADHD and DICCD tends to account for the negative emotional response characteristic of DICCD. These deficits may be eliminated by medication treatment in ADHD, but not the ADHD with comorbid DICCD. Our results support the notion that ADHD with comorbid DICCD is more closely related to DICCD than to ADHD.
BACKGROUND: This study investigated cognitive and emotional functioning in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (DICCD). METHODS: Thirty patients with ADHD, 26 with DICCD, 22 with ADHD+DICCD were recruited from the outpatient department of Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, plus 20 healthy controls (HC). Differences between the groups in cognitive and emotional functioning were examined using Golden's Stroop and Emotional Stroop tests. For Emotional Stroop Mean reaction time (RT) of positive word (POS) and negative word (NEG) with color congruence (C) or incongruence (I) were recorded as POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and NEG-I, respectively. RESULTS: For Golden's interference scores (IGs), both errors and RTs in the ADHD group were higher than in the other groups. Longer mean RTs of POS-C, POS-I, NEG-C and neural word (NEU) of the ADHD group, and NEG-I of ADHD+DICCD and DICCD groups were observed compared to HC. After 12 weeks of methylphenidate treatment, differences between ADHD subgroups and HC on Golden's Stroop RT disappeared, but differences in Golden's Stroop errors and Emotional Stroop mean RTs remained. The ADHD+DICCD group showed longer mean RTs in NEG-C, NEG-I and NEU of the Emotional Stroop test than the ADHD group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that regardless of emotional responding, deficit in cognitive control is the core symptom of ADHD. However, emotionally biased stimuli may cause response inhibitory dysfunction among DICCD with callous-unemotional traits, and the comorbidity of ADHD and DICCD tends to account for the negative emotional response characteristic of DICCD. These deficits may be eliminated by medication treatment in ADHD, but not the ADHD with comorbid DICCD. Our results support the notion that ADHD with comorbid DICCD is more closely related to DICCD than to ADHD.
Authors: Colm Healy; Ross Brannigan; Niamh Dooley; Helen Coughlan; Mary Clarke; Ian Kelleher; Mary Cannon Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2019-05-15 Impact factor: 7.723
Authors: Martine Hoogman; Janita Bralten; Derrek P Hibar; Maarten Mennes; Marcel P Zwiers; Lizanne S J Schweren; Kimm J E van Hulzen; Sarah E Medland; Elena Shumskaya; Neda Jahanshad; Patrick de Zeeuw; Eszter Szekely; Gustavo Sudre; Thomas Wolfers; Alberdingk M H Onnink; Janneke T Dammers; Jeanette C Mostert; Yolanda Vives-Gilabert; Gregor Kohls; Eileen Oberwelland; Jochen Seitz; Martin Schulte-Rüther; Sara Ambrosino; Alysa E Doyle; Marie F Høvik; Margaretha Dramsdahl; Leanne Tamm; Theo G M van Erp; Anders Dale; Andrew Schork; Annette Conzelmann; Kathrin Zierhut; Ramona Baur; Hazel McCarthy; Yuliya N Yoncheva; Ana Cubillo; Kaylita Chantiluke; Mitul A Mehta; Yannis Paloyelis; Sarah Hohmann; Sarah Baumeister; Ivanei Bramati; Paulo Mattos; Fernanda Tovar-Moll; Pamela Douglas; Tobias Banaschewski; Daniel Brandeis; Jonna Kuntsi; Philip Asherson; Katya Rubia; Clare Kelly; Adriana Di Martino; Michael P Milham; Francisco X Castellanos; Thomas Frodl; Mariam Zentis; Klaus-Peter Lesch; Andreas Reif; Paul Pauli; Terry L Jernigan; Jan Haavik; Kerstin J Plessen; Astri J Lundervold; Kenneth Hugdahl; Larry J Seidman; Joseph Biederman; Nanda Rommelse; Dirk J Heslenfeld; Catharina A Hartman; Pieter J Hoekstra; Jaap Oosterlaan; Georg von Polier; Kerstin Konrad; Oscar Vilarroya; Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga; Joan Carles Soliva; Sarah Durston; Jan K Buitelaar; Stephen V Faraone; Philip Shaw; Paul M Thompson; Barbara Franke Journal: Lancet Psychiatry Date: 2017-02-16 Impact factor: 27.083