Ilaria Pilia1, Marcello Campagna1, Gabriele Marcias1, Daniele Fabbri1, Federico Meloni1, Giovanna Spatari2, Danilo Cottica3, Claudio Cocheo3, Elena Grignani3, Fabio De-Giorgio4,5, Pierluigi Cocco1, Ernesto d'Aloja1. 1. Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 092109 Cagliari, Italy. 2. Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy. 3. Environmental Research Centre, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy. 4. Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy. 5. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The main anthropic sources of exposure to airborne benzene include vehicular traffic, cigarette smoke, and industrial emissions. METHODS: To detect early genotoxic effects of environmental exposure to benzene, we monitored environmental, personal, and indoor airborne benzene in children living in an urban area and an area near a petrochemical plant. We also used urinary benzene and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) as biomarkers of benzene exposure and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker of early genotoxic effects. RESULTS: Although always below the European Union limit of 5 μg/m3, airborne benzene levels were more elevated in the indoor, outdoor, and personal samples from the industrial surroundings compared to the urban area (p = 0.026, p = 0.005, and p = 0.001, respectively). Children living in the surroundings of the petrochemical plant had urinary benzene values significantly higher than those from the urban area in both the morning and evening samples (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Results of multiple regression modelling showed that age was a significant predictor of 8-OHdG excretion, independent of the sampling hour. Moreover, at the low exposure level experienced by the children participating in this study, neither personal or indoor airborne benzene level, nor personal monitoring data, affected 8-OHdG excretion. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the importance of biological monitoring of low-level environmental exposure and its relation to risk of genotoxic effects among children.
BACKGROUND: The main anthropic sources of exposure to airborne benzene include vehicular traffic, cigarette smoke, and industrial emissions. METHODS: To detect early genotoxic effects of environmental exposure to benzene, we monitored environmental, personal, and indoor airborne benzene in children living in an urban area and an area near a petrochemical plant. We also used urinary benzene and S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) as biomarkers of benzene exposure and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a biomarker of early genotoxic effects. RESULTS: Although always below the European Union limit of 5 μg/m3, airborne benzene levels were more elevated in the indoor, outdoor, and personal samples from the industrial surroundings compared to the urban area (p = 0.026, p = 0.005, and p = 0.001, respectively). Children living in the surroundings of the petrochemical plant had urinary benzene values significantly higher than those from the urban area in both the morning and evening samples (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Results of multiple regression modelling showed that age was a significant predictor of 8-OHdG excretion, independent of the sampling hour. Moreover, at the low exposure level experienced by the children participating in this study, neither personal or indoor airborne benzene level, nor personal monitoring data, affected 8-OHdG excretion. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the importance of biological monitoring of low-level environmental exposure and its relation to risk of genotoxic effects among children.
Authors: Scott M Arnold; Juergen Angerer; Peter J Boogaard; Michael F Hughes; Raegan B O'Lone; Steven H Robison; A Robert Schnatter Journal: Crit Rev Toxicol Date: 2013-02 Impact factor: 5.635
Authors: Ricardo H M Godoi; Ana F L Godoi; Sérgio J Gonçalves Junior; Sarah L Paralovo; Guilherme C Borillo; Cybelli Gonçalves Gregório Barbosa; Manoela G Arantes; Renata C Charello; Nelson A Rosário Filho; Marco T Grassi; Carlos I Yamamoto; Sanja Potgieter-Vermaak; Giuliana G Rotondo; Karolien De Wael; Rene van Grieken Journal: Sci Total Environ Date: 2013-07-07 Impact factor: 7.963
Authors: Mariella Carrieri; Giovanna Tranfo; Daniela Pigini; Enrico Paci; Fabiola Salamon; Maria L Scapellato; Maria E Fracasso; Maurizio Manno; Giovanni B Bartolucci Journal: Toxicol Lett Date: 2009-07-21 Impact factor: 4.372