Wan Muhammad Ikram Wan Mohd Zamri1, Fridelina Sjahrir1, Nor Suhaila Yaacob2,3, Noor Fazreen Dzulkafli1, Mohd Fadzli Ahmad1, Hasdianty Abdullah1,3, Maegala Nallapan Maniyam2,3, Emi Fazlina Hashim1, Nobuyuki Kawasaki4, Kazuhiro Komatsu5, Victor S Kuwahara6. 1. Department of Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya 45600, Selangor, Malaysia. 2. Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia. 3. Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, Shah Alam 40000, Selangor, Malaysia. 4. Dainippon Ink and Chemicals DIC Corporation, Central Research Laboratories, 631 Sakado, Chiba 285-8668, Sakura, Japan. 5. National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan. 6. Faculty of Education & Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-Machi, Hachioji-Shi 192-8577, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
The assessment of water-extractable organic matter using an autoclave can provide useful information on physical, chemical, and biological changes within the soil. The present study used virgin forest soils from Chini Forest Reserve, Langkawi Island, and Kenyir Forest Reserve (Malaysia), extracted using different extraction methods. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and ammonium-nitrate content were higher in the autoclave treatments, up to 3.0, 1.3, 1.2, and 1.4 times more than by natural extraction (extracted for 24 h at room temperature). Overall, the highest extractable DOC, TDN, TDP, ammonium and nitrate could be seen under autoclaved conditions 121 °C 2×, up to 146.74 mg C/L, 8.97 mg N/L, 0.23 mg P/L, 5.43 mg N mg/L and 3.47 N mg/L, respectively. The soil extracts became slightly acidic with a higher temperature and longer duration. Similar trends were observed in the humic and nonhumic substances, where different types of soil extract treatments influenced the concentrations of the fractions. Different soil extraction methods can provide further details, thus widening the application of soil extracts, especially in microbes.
The assessment of pan> class="Chemical">water-extractable organic matter using an autoclave can provide useful information on physical, chemical, and biological changes within the soil. The present study used virgin forest soils from Chini Forest Reserve, Langkawi Island, and Kenyir Forest Reserve (Malaysia), extracted using different extraction methods. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and ammonium-nitrate content were higher in the autoclave treatments, up to 3.0, 1.3, 1.2, and 1.4 times more than by natural extraction (extracted for 24 h at room temperature). Overall, the highest extractable DOC, TDN, TDP, ammonium and nitrate could be seen under autoclaved conditions 121 °C 2×, up to 146.74 mg C/L, 8.97 mg N/L, 0.23 mg P/L, 5.43 mg N mg/L and 3.47 N mg/L, respectively. The soil extracts became slightly acidic with a higher temperature and longer duration. Similar trends were observed in the humic and nonhumic substances, where different types of soil extract treatments influenced the concentrations of the fractions. Different soil extraction methods can provide further details, thus widening the application of soil extracts, especially in microbes.
Entities:
Keywords:
autoclaved; dissolved organic carbon; fractions; humic substances; soil extraction; total dissolved nitrogen; total dissolved phosphorus
Authors: Hussain Masoom; Denis Courtier-Murias; Hashim Farooq; Ronald Soong; Brian P Kelleher; Chao Zhang; Werner E Maas; Michael Fey; Rajeev Kumar; Martine Monette; Henry J Stronks; Myrna J Simpson; André J Simpson Journal: Environ Sci Technol Date: 2016-01-28 Impact factor: 9.028