Latifa A Bazzi1, Lara G Sigurdardottir2,3, Sigurdur Sigurdsson4, Unnur Valdimarsdottir2,5,6, Johanna Torfadottir2, Thor Aspelund2,4, Charles A Czeisler7,8, Steven W Lockley7,8, Eirikur Jonsson9, Lenore Launer10, Tamara Harris10, Vilmundur Gudnason3,4, Lorelei A Mucci2,6, Sarah C Markt11. 1. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. 2. Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. 3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. 4. Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland. 5. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 6. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 7. Division Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 8. Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 9. Department of Urology, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. 10. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. 11. Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Melatonin levels are partially driven by the parenchyma volume of the pineal gland. Low urinary levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin have been associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer, but the relationship between pineal gland volume and composition and prostate cancer risk has not been examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized data from 864 men from the AGES-Reykjavik Study with complete pineal gland volumes and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin measurements. Pineal parenchyma, calcification, and cyst volumes were calculated from brain magnetic resonance imaging. Levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were assayed from prediagnostic urine samples. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between parenchyma volume and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) comparing prostate cancer risk across parenchyma volume tertiles and across categories factoring in parenchyma volume, gland composition, and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level. RESULTS: Parenchyma volume was moderately correlated with urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level (r = .24; p < .01). There was no statistically significant association between parenchyma volume tertile and prostate cancer risk. Men with high parenchyma volume, pineal cysts and calcifications, and low urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels had almost twice the risk of total prostate cancer as men with low parenchyma volume, no pineal calcifications or cysts, and low urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels (HR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.84; p: .04). CONCLUSIONS: Although parenchyma volume is not associated with prostate cancer risk, pineal gland composition and other circadian dynamics may influence risk for prostate cancer. Additional studies are needed to examine the interplay of pineal gland volume, composition, and melatonin levels on prostate cancer risk.
INTRODUCTION: Melatonin levels are partially driven by the parenchyma volume of the pineal gland. Low urinary levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin have been associated with increased risk of advanced prostate cancer, but the relationship between pineal gland volume and composition and prostate cancer risk has not been examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilized data from 864 men from the AGES-Reykjavik Study with complete pineal gland volumes and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin measurements. Pineal parenchyma, calcification, and cyst volumes were calculated from brain magnetic resonance imaging. Levels of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin were assayed from prediagnostic urine samples. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between parenchyma volume and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) comparing prostate cancer risk across parenchyma volume tertiles and across categories factoring in parenchyma volume, gland composition, and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level. RESULTS: Parenchyma volume was moderately correlated with urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin level (r = .24; p < .01). There was no statistically significant association between parenchyma volume tertile and prostate cancer risk. Men with high parenchyma volume, pineal cysts and calcifications, and low urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels had almost twice the risk of total prostate cancer as men with low parenchyma volume, no pineal calcifications or cysts, and low urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels (HR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.02, 3.84; p: .04). CONCLUSIONS: Although parenchyma volume is not associated with prostate cancer risk, pineal gland composition and other circadian dynamics may influence risk for prostate cancer. Additional studies are needed to examine the interplay of pineal gland volume, composition, and melatonin levels on prostate cancer risk.
Authors: Lara G Sigurdardottir; Unnur A Valdimarsdottir; Katja Fall; Jennifer R Rider; Steven W Lockley; Eva Schernhammer; Lorelei A Mucci Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2012-05-07 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Lara G Sigurdardottir; Unnur A Valdimarsdottir; Lorelei A Mucci; Katja Fall; Jennifer R Rider; Eva Schernhammer; Charles A Czeisler; Lenore Launer; Tamara Harris; Meir J Stampfer; Vilmundur Gudnason; Steven W Lockley Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2013-05 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Barbra A Dickerman; Sarah C Markt; Markku Koskenvuo; Christer Hublin; Eero Pukkala; Lorelei A Mucci; Jaakko Kaprio Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2016-10-12 Impact factor: 2.506