The topology of ventricle surfaces and its application in the analysis of hydrocephalic ventricles: a proof-of-concept study.

PURPOSE: The cerebral ventricles deform in a non-uniform fashion in response to increased CSF volume and/or pressure in hydrocephalic syndromes. Current research is focused on volumetric analyses, while topological analysis of ventricular surfaces remains understudied. We developed a method of quantitatively modeling the curvature of ventricular surfaces to analyze changes in ventricular surfaces in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), using the left frontal horn as an example.
METHODS: Twenty-one patients with NPH were recruited from our institution, and 21 healthy controls (HC) and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were identified from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. On T1-weighted fine-cut magnetic resonance sequences, 3D Slicer was used to segment the left frontal horn. Next, the mean curvatures at a set of points on the ventricular surface were determined. The frontal horns were scaled and centered into normalized volumes, allowing for pooling across the study subjects. The frontal horn was divided into superolateral, superomedial, inferolateral, and inferomedial surfaces, and locoregional mean curvatures were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were made between NPH, AD, and HC groups.
RESULTS: Significant differences in the mean curvature of lateral surfaces of the ventricles distinguished patterns of distortion between all three cohorts. Significant flattening of the superomedial surface discriminated NPH from HC and AD. However, significant rounding of the inferomedial surface compared to controls was a distinguishing feature of NPH alone.
CONCLUSION: NPH ventricles deform non-uniformly. The pattern of surface distortion may be used as an additional tool to differentiate between these hydrocephalic conditions.