Bo Zhang1, Robert M Hughes2,3, Wayne S Davis4, Cong Cao5. 1. Information Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China. 2. Amnis Opes Institute, Corvallis, OR USA. 3. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA. 4. USEPA (Retired), Washington, DC USA. 5. University of Nottingham, Ningbo, China.
Abstract
Big data are potentially useful for environmental management planning and actions that can be directed toward pollution control. China is using big data approaches to help reduce its current levels of pollution. However, also needed are better environmental indicators, measurement technologies, data management and reporting, and adaptive management and enforcement. Based on continental-extent monitoring and assessment programs in Europe and the USA, we recommend three major programmatic changes for China. (1) Establish long-term systemic environmental and human health objectives and indicators. (2) Adopt national standard methods for survey designs, sampling and analytical protocols, statistical analyses, and collaborative sampling programs. (3) Provide a transparent process for reporting and correcting data errors.
Big data are potentially useful for environmental management planning and actions that can be directed toward pollution control. China is using big data approaches to help reduce its current levels of pollution. However, also needed are better environmental indicators, measurement technologies, data management and reporting, and adaptive management and enforcement. Based on continental-extent monitoring and assessment programs in Europe and the USA, we recommend three major programmatic changes for China. (1) Establish long-term systemic environmental and pan class="Species">human health objectives and indicators. (2) Adopn>t national standard methods for survey designs, sampn>ling and analytical protocols, statistical analyses, and collaborative sampn>ling programs. (3) n>an class="Chemical">Provide a transparent process for reporting and correcting data errors.
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