Mathilde Bourdon1, Pietro Santulli1, Fatiha Kateb2, Khaled Pocate-Cheriet3, Frederic Batteux4, Chloé Maignien5, Sandrine Chouzenoux6, Corinne Bordonne7, Louis Marcellin1, Gildas Bertho8, Charles Chapron1. 1. Université de Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Paris Centre, Paris, France; Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Cochin University Hospital Center, Paris, France; Department 3I "Infection, Immunité et inflammation," Cochin Institute, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1016, Paris, France. 2. Université de Paris, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris, France; Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, Unité mixte de recherche 8601-Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France. 3. Université de Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Paris Centre, Paris, France; Department 3I "Infection, Immunité et inflammation," Cochin Institute, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1016, Paris, France; Department of Histology-Embryology and Reproductive Biology, Cochin University Hospital Center, Paris, France. 4. Université de Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Paris Centre, Paris, France; Department 3I "Infection, Immunité et inflammation," Cochin Institute, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1016, Paris, France. 5. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Paris Centre, Paris, France; Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Cochin University Hospital Center, Paris, France. 6. Department 3I "Infection, Immunité et inflammation," Cochin Institute, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1016, Paris, France. 7. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital universitaire Paris Centre, Paris, France; Department of Radiology, Hôtel-Dieu University Hospital Center, Paris, France. 8. Université de Paris, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris, France; Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry and Biochemistry, Unité mixte de recherche 8601-Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Paris, France. Electronic address: gildas.bertho@u-paris.fr.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the adenomyosis phenotype affects the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based serum metabolic profile of patients. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: University hospital-based research center. PATIENTS: Seventy-seven patients who underwent laparoscopy for a benign gynecologic condition. INTERVENTIONS: Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and collection of a venous peripheral blood sample were performed during the preoperative workup. The women were allocated to the adenomyosis group (n = 32), or the control group (n = 45). The adenomyosis group was further subdivided into two groups: diffuse adenomyosis of the inner myometrium (n = 14) and focal adenomyosis of the outer myometrium (n = 18). Other adenomyosis phenotypes were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Metabolomic profiling based on 1H-NMR spectroscopy in combination with statistical approaches. RESULTS: The serum metabolic profiles of the patients with adenomyosis indicated lower concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, and serine compared with controls. Conversely, the concentrations of proline, choline, citrate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, and creatinine were higher in the adenomyosis group. The focal adenomyosis of the outer myometrium and the diffuse adenomyosis phenotypes also each exhibited a specific metabolic profile. CONCLUSION: Serum metabolic changes were detected in women with features of adenomyosis compared with their disease-free counterparts, and a number of specific metabolic pathways appear to be engaged according to the adenomyosis phenotype. The metabolites with altered levels are particularly involved in immune activation as well as cell proliferation and cell migration. Nevertheless, this study did find evidence of a correlation between metabolite levels and symptoms thought to be related to adenomyosis. Further studies are required to determine the clinical significance of these differences in metabolic profiles.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the adenomyosis phenotype affects the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based serum metabolic profile of patients. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: University hospital-based research center. PATIENTS: Seventy-seven patients who underwent laparoscopy for a benign gynecologic condition. INTERVENTIONS: Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging and collection of a venous peripheral blood sample were performed during the preoperative workup. The women were allocated to the adenomyosis group (n = 32), or the control group (n = 45). The adenomyosis group was further subdivided into two groups: diffuse adenomyosis of the inner myometrium (n = 14) and focal adenomyosis of the outer myometrium (n = 18). Other adenomyosis phenotypes were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Metabolomic profiling based on 1H-NMR spectroscopy in combination with statistical approaches. RESULTS: The serum metabolic profiles of the patients with adenomyosis indicated lower concentrations of 3-hydroxybutyrate, glutamate, and serine compared with controls. Conversely, the concentrations of proline, choline, citrate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, and creatinine were higher in the adenomyosis group. The focal adenomyosis of the outer myometrium and the diffuse adenomyosis phenotypes also each exhibited a specific metabolic profile. CONCLUSION: Serum metabolic changes were detected in women with features of adenomyosis compared with their disease-free counterparts, and a number of specific metabolic pathways appear to be engaged according to the adenomyosis phenotype. The metabolites with altered levels are particularly involved in immune activation as well as cell proliferation and cell migration. Nevertheless, this study did find evidence of a correlation between metabolite levels and symptoms thought to be related to adenomyosis. Further studies are required to determine the clinical significance of these differences in metabolic profiles.