Mingzheng Duan1,2, Tolgor Bau3,4. 1. College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China. 2. Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China. 3. College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China. junwusuo@126.com. 4. Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China. junwusuo@126.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The ecological phenomenon of fungal fairy rings is usually found in grasslands and caused by the growth of specific fairy ring fungi in soil. The fairy rings are classified into three zones (DARK, DEAD, and OUT), and they have the potential to increase crop yield. Among these fairy rings, distinct characteristics of type I fairy rings can be seen in the rings formed by Leucocalocybe mongolica (LM). Our studies addressed changes in the soil microbial structure due to LM fairy rings to enhance understand of this ecological phenomenon. METHODS: In the present study, we report the soil microbial analysis results (fungi and bacteria), including those of metabarcoding (16s rRNA, ITS), microbial quantity, and metagenomics surveys of soils collected from various fairy ring zones, of 6 LM fairy rings. All sampling sites cover the grasslands of Mongolian Plateau in China. RESULTS: First, we found through metabarcoding surveys that the difference in microbial diversity is relatively less in bacteria and that the abundance of fairy ring fungi (LM) is relatively high in DEAD zones. We also identified eight bacterial and fungal families, including Sphingobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae that were enriched within the soils of fairy ring zones. Second, we found that the abundance of soil bacteria in the DEAD zones is sharply increased along with the growth of fairy ring fungi (LM). Third, we found through shotgun sequencing that fairy ring-infected zones, DARK and DEAD, exhibit greater genetic diversity than OUT zones. Finally, we showed that the fairy ring ecosystem is the center for a rich grassland microbial community. CONCLUSIONS: The reported data can improve our understanding of type I fairy rings and will be further insightful to the research on crop production.
BACKGROUND: The ecological phenomenon of fungal fairy rings is usually found in grasslands and caused by the growth of specific fairy ring fungi in soil. The fairy rings are classified into three zones (DARK, DEAD, and OUT), and they have the potential to increase crop yield. Among these fairy rings, distinct characteristics of type I fairy rings can be seen in the rings formed by Leucocalocybe mongolica (LM). Our studies addressed changes in the soil microbial structure due to LM fairy rings to enhance understand of this ecological phenomenon. METHODS: In the present study, we report the soil microbial analysis results (fungi and bacteria), including those of metabarcoding (16s rRNA, ITS), microbial quantity, and metagenomics surveys of soils collected from various fairy ring zones, of 6 LM fairy rings. All sampling sites cover the grasslands of Mongolian Plateau in China. RESULTS: First, we found through metabarcoding surveys that the difference in microbial diversity is relatively less in bacteria and that the abundance of fairy ring fungi (LM) is relatively high in DEAD zones. We also identified eight bacterial and fungal families, including Sphingobacteriaceae and Sphingomonadaceae that were enriched within the soils of fairy ring zones. Second, we found that the abundance of soil bacteria in the DEAD zones is sharply increased along with the growth of fairy ring fungi (LM). Third, we found through shotgun sequencing that fairy ring-infected zones, DARK and DEAD, exhibit greater genetic diversity than OUT zones. Finally, we showed that the fairy ring ecosystem is the center for a rich grassland microbial community. CONCLUSIONS: The reported data can improve our understanding of type I fairy rings and will be further insightful to the research on crop production.
Authors: J Gregory Caporaso; Justin Kuczynski; Jesse Stombaugh; Kyle Bittinger; Frederic D Bushman; Elizabeth K Costello; Noah Fierer; Antonio Gonzalez Peña; Julia K Goodrich; Jeffrey I Gordon; Gavin A Huttley; Scott T Kelley; Dan Knights; Jeremy E Koenig; Ruth E Ley; Catherine A Lozupone; Daniel McDonald; Brian D Muegge; Meg Pirrung; Jens Reeder; Joel R Sevinsky; Peter J Turnbaugh; William A Walters; Jeremy Widmann; Tanya Yatsunenko; Jesse Zaneveld; Rob Knight Journal: Nat Methods Date: 2010-04-11 Impact factor: 28.547
Authors: Nicholas A Bokulich; Sathish Subramanian; Jeremiah J Faith; Dirk Gevers; Jeffrey I Gordon; Rob Knight; David A Mills; J Gregory Caporaso Journal: Nat Methods Date: 2012-12-02 Impact factor: 28.547