Sandra Hummel1, Andreas Weiß1, Ezio Bonifacio2, Daniel Agardh3, Beena Akolkar4, Carin A Aronsson3, William A Hagopian5, Sibylle Koletzko6,7, Jeffrey P Krischer8, Åke Lernmark3, Kristian Lynch8, Jill M Norris9, Marian J Rewers10, Jin-Xiong She11, Jorma Toppari12,13, Ulla Uusitalo8, Kendra Vehik8, Suvi M Virtanen14,15,16,17, Andreas Beyerlein1, Anette-G Ziegler1. 1. Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany; and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University Munich, at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, and Forschergruppe Diabetes eV, Neuherberg, Germany. 2. DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. 3. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. 4. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA. 5. Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. 7. Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland. 8. Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. 9. Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. 10. Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. 11. Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. 12. Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 13. Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, and Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 14. Health and Well-Being Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 15. Unit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland. 16. Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 17. The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding has beneficial effects on numerous health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether breastfeeding duration is associated with the development of early childhood autoimmunity, allergies, or obesity in a multinational prospective birth cohort. METHODS: Infants with genetic susceptibility for type 1 diabetes (n = 8676) were followed for the development of autoantibodies to islet autoantigens or transglutaminase, allergies, and for anthropometric measurements to a median age of 8.3 y (IQR: 2.8-10.2 y). Information on breastfeeding was collected at 3 mo of age and prospectively thereafter. A propensity score for longer breastfeeding was calculated from the variables that were likely to influence any or exclusive breastfeeding. The risks of developing autoimmunity or allergy were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models, and the risk of obesity at 5.5 y of age was assessed using logistic regression with adjustment by the propensity score. RESULTS: Breastfeeding duration was not associated with a lower risk of either islet or transglutaminase autoimmunity (any breastfeeding >6 mo, adjusted HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.19; exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo, adjusted HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.15). Exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo was associated with a decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis (adjusted HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.92; P < 0.01). Any breastfeeding >6 mo and exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo were associated with decreased risk of obesity (adjusted OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.81; P < 0.001; and adjusted OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.95; P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Longer breastfeeding was not associated with a lower risk of childhood (islet or transglutaminase) autoimmunity in genetically at-risk children but was associated with decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis and obesity at 5.5 y of age.
BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding has beneficial effects on numerous health outcomes. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether breastfeeding duration is associated with the development of early childhood autoimmunity, allergies, or obesity in a multinational prospective birth cohort. METHODS: Infants with genetic susceptibility for type 1 diabetes (n = 8676) were followed for the development of autoantibodies to islet autoantigens or transglutaminase, allergies, and for anthropometric measurements to a median age of 8.3 y (IQR: 2.8-10.2 y). Information on breastfeeding was collected at 3 mo of age and prospectively thereafter. A propensity score for longer breastfeeding was calculated from the variables that were likely to influence any or exclusive breastfeeding. The risks of developing autoimmunity or allergy were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models, and the risk of obesity at 5.5 y of age was assessed using logistic regression with adjustment by the propensity score. RESULTS: Breastfeeding duration was not associated with a lower risk of either islet or transglutaminase autoimmunity (any breastfeeding >6 mo, adjusted HR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.19; exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo, adjusted HR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.15). Exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo was associated with a decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis (adjusted HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.92; P < 0.01). Any breastfeeding >6 mo and exclusive breastfeeding >3 mo were associated with decreased risk of obesity (adjusted OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.81; P < 0.001; and adjusted OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.95; P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Longer breastfeeding was not associated with a lower risk of childhood (islet or transglutaminase) autoimmunity in genetically at-risk children but was associated with decreased risk of seasonal allergic rhinitis and obesity at 5.5 y of age.
Authors: H Szajewska; R Shamir; A Chmielewska; M Pieścik-Lech; R Auricchio; A Ivarsson; S Kolacek; S Koletzko; I Korponay-Szabo; M L Mearin; C Ribes-Koninckx; R Troncone Journal: Aliment Pharmacol Ther Date: 2015-03-26 Impact factor: 8.171
Authors: J M Norris; B Beaty; G Klingensmith; M Hoffman; H P Chase; H A Erlich; R F Hamman; G S Eisenbarth; M Rewers Journal: JAMA Date: 1996-08-28 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Edwin Liu; Hye-Seung Lee; Carin A Aronsson; William A Hagopian; Sibylle Koletzko; Marian J Rewers; George S Eisenbarth; Polly J Bingley; Ezio Bonifacio; Ville Simell; Daniel Agardh Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2014-07-03 Impact factor: 176.079