Hussam Mizher1, Che Suraya Zin1, Abul Bashar Helal Uddin1, Abdul Hadi Mohamed2, Tan H Ling3, Munira Izzat3. 1. Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia. 2. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia. 3. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Pahang, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Little is known whether the duration of opioid use influences the concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the plasma concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL-10), in short-, and long-term opioid users with noncancer pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult patients with opioid therapy for noncancer pain were recruited from pain clinics at two tertiary hospital settings in Malaysia between February 2016 and March 2017. They were stratified into short- or long-term users based on opioid prescriptions ≥ 90 days per year. A 10mL blood sample was taken for the analysis of plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 and were quantified using a highly sensitive multiplex assay. RESULTS: Of 38 patients recruited, 24% (n = 9/38) and 76% (n = 29/38) were respectively short- and long-term opioid users. Short-term use of opioid was associated with higher levels of IL-6 (mean ± SD, 173.9 ± 13.7 pg/mL) and IL-10 (50 ± 5.8 pg/mL), whereas long-term use of opioids was associated with lower levels (no significant difference) of both cytokines IL6 (125 ± 16.1 pg/mL) and IL10 (41.3 ± 6.7 pg/mL). There was strong correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 within the same group (r² = 0.72, P < 0.05) and (r² = 0.76, P < 0.05) for short- and long-term users, respectively. CONCLUSION: The duration of opioid use may modulate the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in which it was higher in short-term use and lower in long-term use, but the effect of pain relief was similar as both cytokines were well correlated. Copyright:
INTRODUCTION: Little is known whether the duration of opioid use influences the concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the plasma concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL-10), in short-, and long-term opioid users with noncancer pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult patients with opioid therapy for noncancer pain were recruited from pain clinics at two tertiary hospital settings in Malaysia between February 2016 and March 2017. They were stratified into short- or long-term users based on opioid prescriptions ≥ 90 days per year. A 10mL blood sample was taken for the analysis of plasma concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 and were quantified using a highly sensitive multiplex assay. RESULTS: Of 38 patients recruited, 24% (n = 9/38) and 76% (n = 29/38) were respectively short- and long-term opioid users. Short-term use of opioid was associated with higher levels of IL-6 (mean ± SD, 173.9 ± 13.7 pg/mL) and IL-10 (50 ± 5.8 pg/mL), whereas long-term use of opioids was associated with lower levels (no significant difference) of both cytokines IL6 (125 ± 16.1 pg/mL) and IL10 (41.3 ± 6.7 pg/mL). There was strong correlation between IL-6 and IL-10 within the same group (r² = 0.72, P < 0.05) and (r² = 0.76, P < 0.05) for short- and long-term users, respectively. CONCLUSION: The duration of opioid use may modulate the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in which it was higher in short-term use and lower in long-term use, but the effect of pain relief was similar as both cytokines were well correlated. Copyright:
Authors: Danelia Mendieta; Dora Luz De la Cruz-Aguilera; Maria Isabel Barrera-Villalpando; Enrique Becerril-Villanueva; Rodrigo Arreola; Erick Hernández-Ferreira; Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia; Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez; María Eugenia Garcés-Alvarez; Lucinda Aguirre-Cruz; Marco Antonio Velasco-Velázquez; Lenin Pavón Journal: J Neuroimmunol Date: 2015-11-26 Impact factor: 3.478